| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之現況，並探討不同「個人背景因素」之化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員分別在「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」上的差異情形，進而探討化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之相關性。另欲進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」分別對化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」的解釋力情形。
本研究係採問卷調查進行資料的收集，並以「分層比例」之抽樣方式，選取臺灣資生堂全國9個營業區之化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員為調查對象，施測樣本共500份，有效樣本為498份，有效回收率達99.6％。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人背景資料調查表」、「婚姻品質量表」「幸福感量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 20.0 進行結果分析，分別以描述統計、單一樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關，以及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。經統計分析，主要研究結果如下：
一、化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員的「婚姻品質」傾向於良好狀況。其中以「尊重接納」層面之「婚姻品質」為最高；而在「家務分工共識」層面的「婚姻品質」為最低。
二、化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員的「幸福感」傾向於「中高」程度。其中以「樂觀」層面的「幸福感」為最高；而在「生活滿意」層面的「幸福感」為最低。
三、化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員的「婚姻品質」不會因個人背景因素之「年齡」、「結婚年數」、「教育程度」、「子女數」及「個人平均月收入」之不同而有顯著差異。
四、化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員的「幸福感」不會因個人背景因素之「年齡」、「結婚年數」、「教育程度」、「子女數」及「個人平均月收入」之不同而有顯著差異。
五、化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員之「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之間達極顯著高程度之正相關。意即化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員之「婚姻品質」愈佳，則其「幸福感」就愈高。
六、化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員的「婚姻品質」對其「幸福感」達37%的解釋力。顯示：化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員的「婚姻品質」愈佳，其「幸福感」就愈高。
根據本研究之結論，建議化妝品專櫃已婚女性從業人員宜更用心經營婚姻生活，以體諒、溝通、傾聽為出發點，持續營造夫妻美滿的婚姻生活，並以接納、讚美、愉悅的心態，提升個人在婚姻生活中的幸福感受，同時培養夫妻共同的興趣與社交圈，以提昇夫妻間的「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」。再者，建議臺灣資生堂公司宜持續關心女性員工之需求，並提供能增進「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之策略與相關福利，以利員工「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」之提昇。此外，建議化妝品工會及政府相關單位制訂工作職場相關福利政策，並加強監督以提昇化妝品專櫃從業人員之「婚姻品質」與「幸福感」。
The purpose of this study is to comprehend the status quo of marital quality and the sense of well-being of married female employees working at cosmetic counters, and discuss the various situations of marital quality and the sense of well-being of these employees based on different personal backgrounds, further exploring the correlation of marital quality and the sense of well-being. In addition, the study is also intended for a better understanding of the explanatory power of “personal background factors” to the marital quality and the sense of well-being of these female employees.
The study applied a questionnaire survey to collect data and employed the stratified proportion sampling method to select married female employees working at cosmetic counters in nine business districts of Taiwan Shiseido as the study objects. The testing samples were 500 in total, with 498 valid and the effective recovery rate at 99.6%. The research tools used included personal background data investigation, marital quality scale and well-being scale.The measured data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS for Windows 20.0, with analysis methods as Descriptive Statistics, Single Sample t-Test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe’ Posterior Comparisons, Pearson Product-moment Correlation and Multiple Regression. Through the statistical analysis, results were obtained as follows:
1. The marital quality of married female employees working at cosmetic counters tends to be good; the highest marital quality is at the level of respect and acceptance, while the lowest is at the level of housework division consensus.
2. The sense of well-being of married female employees working at cosmetic counters tends to be medium to high level, in which optimistism ranks the highest in the sense of well-being while life satisfication ranks the lowest .
3. There is no significant difference in the marital quality of married female employees working at cosmetic counters due to different personal background factors such as age, the number of years married, education degree, number of children and personal monthly average income.
4. There is no significant difference in the sense of well-being among married female employees working at cosmetic counters due to different personal background factors such as age, the number of years married, education degree, number of children and personal monthly average income.
5. There is a high degree of significant positive correlation between the marital quality and the sense of well-being of married female employees working at cosmetic counters, that is, the higher the marital quality is, the higher the sense of well-being.
6. The marital quality of married female employees working at cosmetic counters has 37% of the explanatory power to their sense of well-being, which shows that the higher the marital quality is, the higher the sense of the well-being.
According to the study conclusions, it is suggested that the married female employees working at cosmetic counters should manage their married life more attentively and continue to build a happy marriage with understanding, communication and listening as starting points; enhance personal happiness in their married life with acceptance, praise and a cheerful attitude, as well as cultivate common hobbies and social circles so as to improve marital quality and sense of well-being between husbands and wives. Besides, it is suggested that Taiwan Shiseido pay attention to the needs of the female employees and provide strategies and related care to promote their marital quality and sense of well-being. Furthermore, it is suggested that the cosmetics trade unions and relevant government units stipulate work related welfare and policies, enforcing supervision so as to improve the marital quality and the sense of well-being of employees working at cosmetic counters. |
