| 摘要: | 熱泵(Heat Pump)系統主要由壓縮機、冷凝器、膨脹裝置及蒸發器所組成，內部的工 作流體為冷媒，並以逆卡諾循環方式運轉，來達到供熱之效果。熱泵系統由於其性能係 數(coefficient of performance)皆可達到 3~4以上，因此與傳統電熱系統比較，熱泵系統 具有節能之優勢，因此被廣泛的應用於供熱系統中。熱泵根據不同的熱源型態，主要可 分為空氣源熱泵、水源熱泵及地源熱泵三大型式，然而空氣源熱泵與水源熱泵容易受到 外界環境溫度的變化，而造成 COP 下降或熱泵無法啟動，甚至產生盤管結霜之問題。 地源熱泵(Ground Source Heat Pump)GSHP主要包含了地平面上的熱泵機組，與地平面下 的地埋管熱交換器，地源熱泵系統主要利用長年恆溫的(約為 20℃)淺層溫能特性，將水 先與地平面下的土壤進行熱交換後，再將水送至地平面上的熱泵機組，因此地源熱泵的 蒸發溫度可保持長年恆溫，所以地源熱泵的 COP 較空氣源熱泵來的高，也不會有因外 界環境溫度變化而無法啟動等問題。本計畫主要目的是以工程的角度與面向建立一套適 用於台灣的地源熱泵系統設計流程，研究方法首先選擇一合適場址建立實際地源熱泵系 統，並進行地源熱泵系統設計，其包含了地平面下地埋管熱交換器的的尺寸設計，與地 平面上地源熱泵系統的匹配設計，接著並根據設計結果建立一套地源熱泵系統，並針對 此地源熱泵系統進行運轉數據的量測與分析，最後則是彙整本計畫研究之成果，建立一 套適用於台灣的地源熱泵系統設計流程，本計畫主要針對我國特有之地理環境、氣候條 件、土壤材質及操作狀況建立一套適用於我國環境的地源熱泵系統設計流程與參數，相 關研究成果可做為後續地源熱泵系統推廣使用，並做為地源熱泵系統設計之參考依據。
Heat pump system is primarily comprised of compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. With refrigerant as working fluid, heat pump system transfers heat via the principle of reverse Carnot cycle. The COP of heat pump system can achieve 3-4. Compared with convectional electric heater system, heat pump system has the advantage of energy saving, therefore, it is widely used in the field of heating. Depending on the types of heat sources, heat pump can be generally divided into three type—air source heat pump, water source heat pump, and ground source heat pump. Environmental temperature has significant impact to air and water source heat pumps, it might result in drop of COP or failure of function, even induce frost in tube. Ground source heat pump includes heat pump system and underground heat exchanger. Shallow geothermal layer has the characteristic of constant temperature though the year, it can be thought as a constant temperature reservoir. Ground source heat pump delivers water flow in underground heat exchanger to exchange heat with this reservoir and then bring the water flow to the heat pump system on the ground. Because the heat source is isothermal, the COP of ground heat pump is higher than that of air source heat pump. Besides, ground heat pump does not have disadvantages of environment temperature impact and failure of function. The motivation of this project is to develop a design process of ground heat pump system for Taiwan area in perspective of engineering. This project will choose a proper site and design a ground heat pump for this site. The design will include the size evaluation of underground heat exchanger and the heat pump system on the ground. Then, the project will build a real ground heat pump system according to the design. Furthermore, experiment and analysis of this system will be done. Finally, this study will conclude the result and develop a design process of ground heat pump system suitable for Taiwan area. Because this design method will consider the geography, climate, soil material, and operating condition in Taiwan, the result of this research could be a reference for manufacture and promotion of ground heat pump. |
