台灣、香港、新加坡年金制度之探討

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Title:	台灣、香港、新加坡年金制度之探討 The Study of Pension Systems in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors:	莊斐雯 CHUANG, FEI-WEN
Contributors:	中山與中國大陸研究所中山學術組
Keywords:	年金制度東亞福利體制政治民主化 pension system East-Asia welfare regime Democratization
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2014-02-20 14:19:12 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	快速老化的人口結構將使老人照顧的供需失去平衡，老人照顧需求大幅度的增加，但能提供照顧的青壯年比例卻是逐年下降，造成具有扶養能力的青壯年人口的壓力急遽增加，使得三代同堂的養兒防老的價值觀開始受到挑戰。　　就年金制度而言，台灣採取社會保險制度；香港採強積金制度；新加坡採取中央公積金制度，雖然制度有著差異，但其共同特徵是政府使用極少的社會福利支出，達到經濟發展與穩定社會，將相關責任回歸於家庭，使家庭成為相關福利的提供者。是以台灣、香港、新加坡年金制度存在著差異性，惟三者間仍符合東亞社會福利制度的特徵。造成台灣、香港、新加坡年金制度發展差異性的原因，除了文化因素外，發現此三者同屬於「亞洲四小龍」，其雄厚的經濟實力有目共睹，但社會福利制度之發展卻有所差異，故可推知經濟發展非決定性因素。細究此三者的年金制度的發展歷程，可以得知透過政黨對於執政權的競爭，使得政黨為獲取執政權，而就選民需求提出相關社會福利政策，故民主化是影響年金制度發展的決定性因素。 The population of the country is aging fast. That makes the need of taking care for the aged to increase. But, the ratio of young people can take care for the aged is decreasing. So, young people feel unhappy to take care for the aged. Regarding pension system, Taiwan takes the Social Insurance system; Hong Kong takes the Mandatory Provident Fund system, and Singapore takes the Central Provident Fund system. Although there are some difference between Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, they have the common feature of that the governments spend less expenditure, but achieve economic development and stable society. So, these three pension systems have the symbol of the East-Asia welfare regime. Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore are belonging to the Four Asian Tigers. They all have the outstanding of economic development. So, economic development isn’t the factor to make difference of pension system between Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. By the development of pension system, we can find that the parties propose to the social welfare policy when they want to be the winner of election. So, we can know that Democratization is the important factor of the pension system development.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Chinese Studies ] thesis

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