| 摘要: | 本研究主要在探討社會福利機構老人對於機構服務的需求。採取半開放式的問卷調查法，針對臺北市與新北市已立案的老人社會福利機構，依照內政部社會司所提供的老人福利機構現況名單，採用立意抽樣之方式，選取居住於安養中心、老人公寓之老人作為研究對象。由研究者採取一對一的問卷訪談，並以口述輔以樣本閱讀的方式，共得220份有效樣本。而研究工具為「社會福利機構老人的服務需求調查問卷」，且依據研究問卷所得之數據進行描述性統計、t檢定以及單因子變異數分析統計資料，並針對有顯著差異之數據進一步以薛費法做事後比較。
本研究結果發現如下：
一、 本研究發現不同性別的老人在「愛與歸屬需求」、「尊重需求」、「自我實現需求」三構面皆達顯著差異，且皆為男性老人高於女性老人。
二、 本研究發現不同教育程度的老人，在「生理需求」與「自我實現需求」構面上達顯著差異。在「生理需求」方面，教育程度為初中的老人高於教育程度大專及以上的老人；在「自我實現需求」方面，教育程度為國小及以下的老人高於教育程度高中(職)的老人。
三、 本研究發現，自評健康狀況不同的老人，在「生理需求」與「自我實現需求」皆達顯著差異。在「生理需求」方面，組間無顯著差異。在「自我實現需求」方面，自評健康狀況好的老人高於自評健康狀況不好的老人。
四、 本研究發現，自評經濟狀況不同的老人，在「自我實現需求」上達顯著差異，且自評經濟狀況好的老人高於自評經濟狀況普通及不好的老人。
五、 本研究發現，不同機構類型的老人，在「生理需求」、「愛與歸屬需求」、「尊重需求」與「自我實現需求」皆達到顯著差異，且皆為居住於老人公寓的老人高於居住於安養機構的老人。
六、 本研究發現，不同子女狀況的老人，在「安全需求」與「愛與歸屬需求」達顯著差異，且皆為無子女的老人顯著高於有子女的老人。
以此研究結果做為未來政府相關單位對於社會福利機構老人需求的重視與參考，亦希望提供政府相關單位、機構及老人家屬在實務上之建議參考，以期能提供社會福利機構老人更良善且適切的關懷與福利服務。
This study presents the service need for elderly from the perspective of social welfare institution. In this study, I conduct a survey by the semi-open-ended questionnaire which is focusing on the authorized Senior Citizens Welfare Institutions in Taipei and New Taipei City. The objects of the survey are the elderly in nursing home and elderly housing which are chosen by the mode of purposive sampling. In this study, I conduct the one-on-one interview by adopting the oral reading method and collect a total of 220 valid questionnaires. The study adopts "a survey of the service need for the elderly in Social Welfare Institutions" questionnaire as research tool. The study data are analyzed by descriptive statistical method, t-test and one-way analysis of variance. In addition, Scheffe' method is also used for those data which significant difference is found by the analysis of the data.
The conclusions of this study are as follows：
I. The elderly on different gender presents the significant difference in the three dimensions of "love and belongingness need", "esteem need", and "self-actualization need", furthermore, the survey indicates that elderly men are higher than elderly women.
II. The elderly on different level of education presents the significant difference in the dimensions of "physiological need" and "self-actualization need". In the dimension of "physiological need", the elderly with junior high level are higher than those with junior college level or above; in the dimension of "self-actualization need", the elderly with elementary school level or below are higher than those with senior high school.
III. The elderly on different self-evaluation of health conditions presents the significant difference in the dimensions of "physiological need" and "self-actualization need". In the dimension of "physiological need", there is no significant difference, however, in the dimension of "self-actualization need", the elderly who think their health conditions are good are higher than those who think their health conditions are poor.
IV. The elderly on different self-evaluation of economic conditions presents the significant difference in the dimension of "self-actualization need", in addition, the elderly who think their economic conditions are good are higher than those who think their economic conditions are on the average and poor.
V. The elderly on different welfare institutions presents the significant difference in the dimensions of "physiological need", "love and belongingness need", "esteem need", and "self-actualization need", furthermore, the elderly in elderly housing are higher than those in nursing home.
VI. The elderly on different number of children presents the significant difference in the dimension of "safety need" and "love and belongingness need", furthermore, the elderly with children is higher than those without children.
The study highlights the need on the elderly in social welfare institutions to illustrate the valuation and recommendation in further development of government and related organizations, welfare institutions, and the elderly and their families. The study aims to provide social welfare institution with kind consideration and useful welfare service. |
