論兩岸海上聯合救難 －全球化無國界人道救援、衝突性與合作性之觀點

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Title:	論兩岸海上聯合救難－全球化無國界人道救援、衝突性與合作性之觀點 Study on the Cooperation of Rescue on the sea between Taiwan and Mainland China – the Perspective of Globalization
Authors:	蘇清雄
Contributors:	中山與中國大陸研究所博士班
Keywords:	海上救難兩岸全球化人道救援 maritime search & rescue bi-coastal globalization humanitarian rescue
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2014-01-21 13:36:05 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	1949年國民政府播遷來臺，兩岸形成隔海對立的情勢，直至1980年代以後，兩岸人民開始交流與往來；2008年後，臺灣大力推動兩岸交流，一夕之間，兩岸關係迅速熱絡起來。臺灣海基會與大陸海協會於2008年11月4日簽署「海峽兩岸海運協議」，其中第7點共識：「雙方積極推動海上搜救打撈機構的合作，建立搜救聯繫合作機制，共同保障海上航行和人身、財產、環境安全。發生海難事故，雙方應及時通報，並按照就近、就便原則及時實施救助。」為落實協議內容，2010年兩岸首次進行聯合救難演練，先由大陸方面主辦，臺灣方面協助辦理，於9月16日假金門、廈門間水域，實施「2010年海峽兩岸海上聯合搜救演練」，對於兩岸合作救難而言，確實具有歷史意義，且影響深遠；至2012年時，由臺灣主辦、大陸協辦，於8月30日假該水域，實施「2012年海峽兩岸海上聯合搜救演練」，有效整合搜救資源及完善區域搜救合作機制，就此兩次成功經驗的觀察，兩岸海上人道救援合作機制確實朝向常態化邁進。事實上，就海難搜救而言，最大的挑戰在於海上狀況變化多端，任何一個海難案件的搜救模式幾乎都可以算是一個獨立事件，不見得均可以引之作為下次海難事件的搜救策略，較為適切可行的作法，即是在每次海難事件後，嚴密分析整體應變過程的成效得失，務實找出成功的關鍵及須檢討改進之處，逐步強化海難搜救機制與經驗，期能在下次的海難事件發生時，得以展現搜救效能提升的成果，提升救援的功效。兩岸既已體認到搜救合作的必要性，則就此原則下持續深化彼此的往來合作，務實進行海難搜救機制的強化與相互演練合作，如此，方得有效確保兩岸間海域航行安全，進一步促進民眾的支持與認同，有助於兩岸未來的和平與發展。 In 1949, the Nationalist Government of Republic of China evacuated and relocated to Taiwan, thus forming two opposing political entities across the Taiwan Strait. It wasn't until the 1980's when citizens of the Taiwan and China initiated communications and contact. In 2008, the government of Taiwan encouraged further interactions between the two coasts which warmed up bilateral relations almost immediately. On the 4th of November in 2008, government organizations overseeing technical and business affairs between the two shores, namely, the SEF（Straits Exchange Foundation）and ARATS（Association for Relations across the Taiwan Strait）, signed a number of agreements；one of these agreements concerns with direct maritime shipping. On this particular agreement, subsection number 7 states :“to promote bilateral cooperation in maritime rescue formulation of procedures for rescue and joint-safeguard for the humanitarian, financial and environment aspects of maritime travel. In all cases of incidents, bi-coastal communications should be carried out and enforced according to principles of proximity followed by immediate reaction thereof. ”To implement the details of the agreement, bi-coastal governments took turns holding rescue drills. On September 16th in 2010, Chins hosted the first rescue drill in the waters between Kinmen and Xiamen while Taiwen assisted in the event ,“2010 bi-coastal cooperation in maritime search & rescue drills.”The collaboration signified important historical implications and profound influences. On August 30th in 2012, roles reversed as Taiwan hosted the second rescue drill as China assisted in the “2010 bi-coastal cooperation in maritime search & rescue drills”, effectively integrated search & rescue resources and formulated cooperative procedures. Upon observations of the two successfully held drills, it is safe to conclude that bi-coastal humanitarian efforts in maritime rescue have effectively progressed towards normality. In reality, the realm of maritime search & rescue presents its greatest challenges in the ever-changing circumstances of the missions at sea. Any single search & rescue mission can be viewed as a standalone incident and is unlikely to become a strategic blueprint for the next mission. Such principle is considered a more appropriate approach in lieu of the nature of maritime incidents. Nonetheless, investigative analysis of the overall response-process, results, gains and losses can reveal important information on keys to a successful operation and/or areas needing improvement. In addition, such action will further strengthen the search & rescue process and add experience to the crew, all in hope to bolster rescue efficiency and increase the likelihood of a successful operation. Since both China and Taiwan realize the need eor such cooperative efforts, it is important to keep developing this mutual relationship between the two sides; insomuch as to ensure bi-coastal maritime safely, promote public support and approval, and to further augment future peace and development.
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