| 摘要: | 本論文以非營利組織觀點比較法鼓山與慈濟之社會福利思想的實踐，研究動機為溯源佛教的社會福利思想，由萌芽、發展至今歷經的進程和轉化，以及佛教社福思想和非政府組織服務人群理念的關聯性；另一方面，當前佛教團體如何透過非政府組織的運作方式來實踐佛教的社福思想，臺灣重要的佛教團體大都均在施行社會福利相關作法，但著重的方向並不完全相同，各有其重點與特色，本論文以法鼓山和慈濟為比較研究個案，研究內容以法鼓山與慈濟實踐佛教社會福利思想的具體作法之異同比較為主。
本論文由三個面向進行研究，包括佛教的社福思想；非政府組織服務人群的理念；法鼓山和慈濟如何透過非營利組織推動社會福利工作，以及兩個佛教團體在組織運作與組織文化方面的異同。
佛教非營利組織是透過一個民眾可以信任的團體和機制去募款和執行，將大眾的人力和物力集合起來做更大的事情。當代佛教社會福利是在「人間佛教」的框架内展開，法鼓山、慈濟等臺灣佛教團體在社會公益參與的功能，包括在社會救助救災等工作、文化的影響以及推動社會運動等方面均有一定成果，不過也面臨一些問題需要克服，組織才能更加健全且永續發展。
活化非營利組織，是建立公民社會、提升國家競爭力的重要基礎。宗教和國家發展可以相互配合與協助，使兩者達到平衡有益的雙贏局面，這應是未來政府和宗教團體必須努力的目標。
This dissertation aims to make a comparison, from the viewpoint of non-profit organizations, on the practice of social welfare concepts between Dharma Drum Mountain and Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation. The motive of the author is to trace the social welfare concepts of Buddhism—particularly the process and change from the very beginning to the recent development. The author also intends to find out the relevance of Buddhism’s social welfare concepts with the non-government organizations’ social service ideas. On the other hand, many Buddhist groups at present put their social welfare concepts into practice through the non-government organizations they set up. In fact, major Buddhist groups in Taiwan are implementing social welfare despite placing emphasis on different areas. They demonstrate different features. This dissertation therefore compares the differences between Dharma Drum Mountain and Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation. The research methods are to compare the concrete ways and contributions of both groups, particularly the similarities and differences of their methods and contents.
The research covers three aspects: the beginning of Buddhist thinking; the concepts of non-government organizations in offering social service; and the ways of Dharma Drum Mountain and Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation in promoting social welfare through their affiliated non-government organizations, as well as the similarities and differences of them in organizational operation and culture.
Nowadays, Buddhist social welfare works proceed under the framework of “Humanistic Buddhism.” In fact, Dharma Drum Mountain, Tzu Chi and other Buddhist organizations in Taiwan have made considerable contributions to the society in terms of social relief, cultural influence, and positive social movement. However, they still need to solve some problems so as to move on in a stable and sustainable way.
To keep non-government organizations active is an important groundwork for building a civil society and upgrading national competitiveness. Taiwan’s religious and social forces can work hand-in-hand to create a new relationship. Religion and national development can coordinate and assist each other, thus striking a balance for creating a win-win situation. This should be the goal for future efforts of both the government and religious organizations. |
