| 摘要: | 現代人平均初婚年齡的逐年增長，離婚率也比以往來得高，單身人口在社會上越來越多，以往社會上有許多偏見，認為單身者是寂寞、無助、孤僻甚至是不健康的，是否單身者的寂寞感真的較高，而單身者的社會支持狀況如何，是否會影響到其寂寞感感受？本研究希望透過調查，瞭解單身者在社會支持與寂寞感的現況，並探討社會支持與寂寞感之間的關係。本研究採問卷調查法，以台北縣市25~65歲單身者為研究對象，採用「立意取樣」與「滾雪球」的方式進行，取得有效樣本560份。研究工具包括：個人背景資料調查表、寂寞感量表、社會支持量表。所得資料以次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、薛費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、強迫進入法多元迴歸進行分析。本研究結果如下：
一、台北縣市單身者之寂寞感總平均值為1.92分，顯著低於理論中點2.5，顯示台北縣市單身者在整體寂寞感上並不特別強烈。
二、台北縣市單身者之「社會支持」總平均值為3.12分，顯著高於理論中點2.5，結果顯示台北縣市單身者認為自己能得到良好的社會支持。
三、性別、長期或短期單身、教育程度、有無固定工作、職業等級、社經地位、有無交往對象、好友個數、互動頻率在單身者的寂寞感上有顯著差異。其結果顯示「男生」、「長期單身」、「低教育程度」、「無固定工作」、「低職業等級」、「低社經地位」、「無交往對象」、「好友個數少」及「好友見面頻率少」者之寂寞感相對較高。
四、性別、教育程度、工作狀況、職業等級、社經地位、好友個數、見面頻率等變項在單身者社會支持感受上有顯著差異。其結果顯示「男生」、「低教育程度」、「無固定工作」、「低職業等級」、「低社經地位」、「好友個數少」且「見面次數少」者，社會支持較低；另外單身類型中「非自願單身」的「情緒性支持」感受優於「自願單身」；「短期單身」者在「實質性支持」感受上優於「長期單身」。
五、「寂寞感」與「社會支持」具有顯著中度負相關性。「與男女朋友感情狀況」與「寂寞感」具有顯著之低度負相關，「與男女朋友感情狀況」與「整體社會支持」具有顯著低度相關性；「家人關係」與「寂寞感」具有顯著之低度負相關，「家人關係」與「社會支持」具有顯著之低度相關性。
六、「家人關係」、「知心好友個數」、「好友見面頻率」、「社會支持」四個變項可以解釋台北縣市單身者「寂寞感」40.1%的變異量；「知心好友個數」、「與男女朋友感情狀況」、「社會支持」三個變項可以解釋有固定交往對象之台北縣市單身者「寂寞感」48.3%的變異量。「社會支持高」、「與交往對象感情越好」、「知心好友個數多」、「家人關係良好」以及「好友互動頻率較頻繁」者寂寞感較低。
The average age of first marriage and the divorce rate are getting higher in recent years, and there are more and more single people in modern society. However, there are many prejudices or stereotype about singles. People think singles are lonely, helpless, unsociable and even not mentally healthy. Is that true that singles feel lonelier? How is the social support of singles, and its influence on loneliness? Therefore, this study tries to figure out the current status of the social support and loneliness of singles, and the relationships between social support and loneliness. Based on survey method, this study focuses on singles between 25 and 65 years old in Taipei. Data are collected by purposive and snowball sampling, and 560 effective samples are received. The research instrument includes background questionnaire, loneliness scales, and social support scales. Data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, one- sample t-test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results are as follows.
1. The average loneliness of singles in Taipei is 1.92, significantly lower than theoretical midpoint 2.5. It shows that singles in Taipei do not feel specific lonely.
2. The average social support of singles in Taipei is 3.12, significantly higher than theoretical midpoints 2.5. It shows that singles in Taipei feel that they can get well social support.
3. Gender, length of being single, educational level, with or without
x
steady job, level of occupation, socioeconomic status, with or without girlfriend/boyfriend, number of close friends, and frequency of contact with close friends affects singles’ loneliness. It shows singles having the characters in below feel more loneliness than others including male, being single for a long time, lower level of education, without steady job, lower level of occupation, lower socioeconomic status, no girlfriend/boyfriend, fewer close friends, and fewer contact with close friends.
4. Gender, educational level, with or without steady job, occupation, socioeconomic status, numbers of close friends, and frequency of contact with close friends affect the social support of singles. It shows singles having the characters in below get less social support than others including male, lower level of education, without steady job, lower level of occupation, lower socioeconomic status, fewer close friends, and fewer contact with close friends. This study also shows that non-voluntary singles feel better emotional support than voluntary singles. Short-time singles feels better substance support than long-time singles.
5. Loneliness and social supports has significantly middle negative correlations. Relationship with girlfriend/boyfriend and loneliness has significantly low negative correlation. Relationship with girlfriend/boyfriend and has significantly lower negative correlation between social support. Family relationships and loneliness has significant low negative correlations. Family relationships and social support has significantly low negative correlations.
6. Family relationships, number of close friends, frequency of contact
xi
with close friends, and social support have 40.1% explanations of loneliness of singles in Taipei. Number of close friends, relationships with girlfriend/boyfriend, and social support has 48.3 % explanations of loneliness of singles having steady girlfriend /boyfriend. Singles having the characters as follows feel less loneliness than others such as better social support, good relationships with girlfriend/boyfriend, having more close friends, good family relationships, and more contact with close friends. |
