| 摘要: | 變奏曲（Variations）最初可以追溯到16世紀，以魯特琴為創作特色，再經過巴洛克、古典樂派的演化後，19世紀的變奏曲發展出外形變奏(Formal Variations)與性格變奏(Character Variations)的變奏類型。
在浪漫樂派的全盛時期，音樂注重主觀意識、個人特質以及愛好精神自由，而克拉拉．舒曼（C.Schumann, 1819~ 1896）和布拉姆斯（J.Brahms, 1833~1897）卻依然遵循傳統的古典創作手法，以舒曼(Robert Schumann, 1810-1856)的鋼琴曲《彩葉集》（Bunte Blätter,op.99）中〈冊葉〉（Albumblätter）的第一首，做為《舒曼主題變奏曲》的主題。
兩人用同主題做延伸，克拉拉發展出單純且遵循古典模式的外型變奏，以及布拉姆斯運用節奏、旋律、結構、節奏、調性、和聲上較自由的性格變奏。筆者依照作曲手法和音樂的基本架構來比較其特點；詮釋方面從音色、節奏、技巧、樂句、織度等音樂面向來探討，並分析比較。
此論文筆者分成五個章節。第一章為緒論，描述筆者對《舒曼主題變奏曲》的研究動機、目的和方法；第二章和第三章分別探討克拉拉和布拉姆斯的生平、其兩首《舒曼主題變奏曲》的創作背景與樂曲的分析與詮釋；第四章從創作手法和詮釋方面做比較；第五章為整體研究之結論。
The origin of variations can be traced to the 16th century, when variations were mostly composed for the lute. After having undergone changes during the Baroque and Classical periods, the form developed into two main types in the 19th century: Formal Variations and Character Variations.
Music of the Romantic period placed great emphasis on one's subjective consciousness, individual characteristics, and personal freedom, yet Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms still adhered to compositional techniques of the Classical period, and chose the first piece from Robert Schumann's “Albumblatter of Bunte Blätter, op. 99 ”, as the main theme for the piece“Variations on a Theme of R. Schumann” .
Using the same theme as a fundamental basis, Clara Schumann developed formal variations following the Classical compositional techniques, whereas Brahms composed character variations loosely based on the rhythm, melody, structure, tonality, and harmony of the piece. This paper aims to compare the two approaches by discussing the compositional techniques and fundamental structures, and examine the performance aspects by exploring the timbre, rhythm, technique, phrasing, texture of the pieces.
The paper is divided into five chapters: The first chapter contains an introduction, the motivation, goal, and methodology of the author’s research on the “Variations on a Theme of R. Schumann”. The second and third chapters present biographical information on Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms respectively, and include analyses and interpretations of “Variations on a Theme of R. Schumann”.The fourth chapter compares the two pieces through aspects of composition and performance, while the fifth chapter provides a summative conclusion of the research. |
