| 摘要: | 本研究目的在了解凝視時間、凝視位置和技能水準不同的飛碟球選手對於投擲擊球的準確率的影響。研究以眼動儀來觀察國家級、甲組和乙組對於投擲擊球的差異性。研究對象為各大專院校保齡球校隊之學生，分為下列的級別：（1）國家級為參加過國際性錦標賽之選手且大專盃平均分達到190以上；（2）甲組選手參加100年度大專盃保齡球比賽且平均分數達到170以上；（3）乙組選手參加100年度大專盃保齡球比賽且平均分數為150以下，以眼動儀為主記錄其投擲擊球時之眼動模式，接著採用描述性統計、二因子混合變異數分析、單因子變異數分和獨立樣本t檢定析，來進行資料分析。本研究結果得知不同技能水準飛碟球選手在不同動作時期凝視時間達顯著，在預備動作凝視時間：國家級 < 甲組 < 乙組；鐘擺動作凝視時間：國家級 > 甲組 > 乙組；投擲動作凝視時間：國家級 > 甲組 > 乙組；不同技能水準飛碟球選手在預備動作時期凝視頻率達顯著，國家級 > 甲組 > 乙組；不同技能水準的飛碟球選手在凝視位置上無顯著差異；國家級、甲組和乙組的飛碟球選手在有、無擊中目標點的凝視時間上之差異為國家級在鐘擺動作的凝視時間達顯著差異；甲組在預備動作的凝視時間達顯著差異；乙組在鐘擺動作的凝視時間達顯著差異；國家級與甲組在有、無擊中目標點的凝視頻率上皆無顯著差異，乙組無法測得；不同技能水準選手於全倒和無全倒時的凝視時間之差異國家級在全倒和無全倒的凝視是時間皆無顯著差異；甲組在鐘擺動作凝視時間上有達顯著；乙組在投擲動作期凝視時間上有達顯著；國家級與甲組在有、無全倒的凝視頻率上皆無顯著差異；乙組無法測得。建議：教練在訓練時，可以把國家級的眼動模式告訴選手，在預備動作時盡量不要浪費太多時間在一個注視點上，而是要來回的審視路線，在執行鐘擺動作時不要把視線離開球道上，完成投擲動作後也要繼續的凝視保齡球體，看行進路線和球體和球瓶碰撞的關係。
This study aims to understand the impact of fixation duration, fixation location and skill level on the accuracy rate of bowling UFO spinners. This research uses the eye tracker to observe the differences in throwing among the national-level group, group A, and group B. The subjects are bowling varsity students of various tertiary institutions, divided into the following levels: (1) the national-level group are players who have participated in international tournaments and scored an average of 190 or more in collegiate competitions; (2) Group A players are those who have participated in the 2011 collegiate bowling tournaments and scored an average score of 170 or more; (3) Group B players are those who have participated in 2011 collegiate competitions and scored an average of 150 or less. We mainly use the eye tracker to record eye movement patterns at the time of throwing, and then use descriptive statistics, two-way mixed ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and independent-samples t-test for the data analysis. Results of this study show that there are significant differences in fixation duration among UFO spinners of different skill levels in different action stages. For fixation durations in the preparatory stage: national-level group < group A < group B; in the pendulum action stage: national-level group > group A> group B; in the throwing stage: national-level group > group A > group B; there are significant differences in fixation frequency among UFO spinners of different skill levels during the preparatory action, national-level group > group A > group B; there are no significant differences in fixation location among UFO spinners of different skill levels; among the fixation durations with and without hitting the target point of the national-level group, group A, and group B, it is those of the national-level group during pendulum motion that show significant differences; the fixation durations of group A during preparatory action have significant differences; the fixation durations of group B during pendulum motion have significant differences; there are no significant differences among the fixation durations of the national-level group and group A with and without hitting the target point, while those of group B are unobservable; there are no significant differences in fixation duration for athletes of different skill levels with and without strikes; there are no significant differences in the fixation durations of the national-level group with and without strikes; there are significant differences in fixation duration for group A during pendulum motion; group B have significant differences in fixation duration at throwing; the national-level group and group A have no significant differences in fixation frequency with and without strikes; for group B it is unobservable. Recommendation: during training, the coach can inform the athletes of the eye movement patterns of the national-level group, and advise them not to waste too much time on a single fixation point, but to examine the trajectory back and forth, and during the pendulum motion, not to move their eyesight off the lane, and to stay gazing at the bowling ball after throwing in order to see the relationships between the
trajectory and the collision between the ball and the pins. |
