| 摘要: | 隨著社會經濟的發展，兩岸人民交流的日益頻繁，自1992年開放通婚後，兩岸婚姻數量大增，不論兩岸人民結婚或離婚，必然涉及夫妻財產分割等問題，而關於我國夫妻財產制係規定於《民法親屬編》，而中國大陸則規定於《婚姻法》，由於兩岸夫妻財產之法律規定並不一致，法律效果亦不相同，因此衍生婚姻涉及夫妻財產分配等案件亦有日益增多之趨勢。
為適應漸趨複雜的夫妻財產關係，滿足不同社會階層對夫妻財產制度的要求，而2001年《婚姻法》進一步發展中國大陸夫妻財產制度，就夫妻約定財產制有大幅度修改和補充。有鑑於此，為保護夫妻雙方之合法權益，有必要對兩岸夫妻財產制之內容詳加瞭解，本論文介紹兩岸夫妻財產制之變化與發展，藉以說明其立法沿革、法律依據、內容範圍，並就歷次修訂過程加以說明，研究重點在於兩岸「夫妻財產制」、「剩餘財產差額分配請求權」等法律制度之比較探討。此外，因夫妻財產制度係規範夫妻間財產關係之法律，具有身分法及財產法之性質，針對夫妻財產制之準據法，究竟應採何種主義，於立法上亦頗有爭論。且夫妻之一方或雙方與第三人間所生關於財產上之權利義務關係，亦屬夫妻財產制之準據法的範圍，從而，如何保護第三人之利益，亦為立法上之重要課題。
我國為貫徹兩性平等，涉外民事法律適用法於民國99年5月26日修正公布全文63 條，並自公布日後一年施行（即民國100年5月26日），此次修法內容乃將婚姻效力、夫妻財產制、離婚要件、離婚要件、離婚效力等準據法，由原以「夫之本國法」修正為「夫妻共同之本國法」，無共同本國法依「共同住所地法」，無共同住所地法則依「關係最切地之法律」。
綜上，本文之目的在於瞭解兩岸夫妻財產制之異同及所涉及相關法律適用法之問題，俾以保障兩岸人民於婚姻關係中合法之財產權益。
Along with the social economic development and the exchange between Cross-Straits people increased, the amount of marriage is increased due to the open for Intermarriage began in 1992. Regardless of marriage and divorce, it always involves the division of matrimonial property etc. The matrimonial property system in Taiwan is stipulated in the Family Part of Civil Code, however, it is regulated in the Marriage Law in China. Since the regulations on matrimonial property system between Stait are different and with different legal effectiveness, the case regarding matrimonial property distribution derivatived from marriage is increasing day by day.
For adapting the more complex matrimonial property relationship and meeting the requirements of matrimonial property system in various stratum of society, the Marriage Law of People‘s Republic of China promulgated in 2001 further modify and supplement matrimonial property system broadly. Thus, it is necessary to understand the contents of matrimonial property system to protect the legal rights and interests of both parities. The dissertation is to introcude on the changes and developments of cross-strait matrimonial property system, so as to explain the legislation history, legislative authority and scopes and the process of revision. The key point of this study is to discuss and compare “matrimonial property system” and “the right for distribution of Surplus of matrimonial property” between Taiwan and China. In addition, since the matrimonial property system is a law regulating the property relation between husband and wife and with the nature of property law and status law. There are many arguments and debates about which doctrine shall be adopted while choosing governing law for a matrimonial property system. Furthermore, property rights and obligations between the third party and one or two parties of couple is subject to the governing law of marriage property system as well, thus, how to protect the rights and benefits of the third party is also an important issue in legislation.
In order to implement the gender equality, the law for the application of Laws regarding Civil Matters ( conflicts of laws) was amended on May 26, 2010 and took effect on May 26, 2011. The amended law changed the governing law regarding marriage effectiveness, matrimonial property system, divorce conditions, and divorce effectiveness etc. from “the husband's national law” into “the couple’s national law”. If there is no common national law, the law of common domicile shall be applied and if the law of common domicile does not exist, it shall apply the law of the most significant relationship.
In conclusion, the goal of this artile is to understand the difference of marital property system between Strait and its related questions about the applicable law and to protect people’s rights and interests in the married relation between both sides. |
