由大法官相關解釋論台北市政府就已喪失功能既成道路處理之研究

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題名:	由大法官相關解釋論台北市政府就已喪失功能既成道路處理之研究 A Study of Taipei City Government’s Strategies to Cope with Loss-of-function Existing Roads Based on the Relative Judicial Yuan Interpretations
作者:	程鵬 Cheng, Peng
貢獻者:	法律學系碩士在職專班
關鍵詞:	特別犧牲公共地役關係現有巷道補償役地人通行權 special sacrifice the relationship of the public easement private lands used as existing roads compensation persons who require public easement the right of passage
日期:	2013-06
上傳時間:	2013-10-17 14:55:50 (UTC+8)
摘要:	基本權之出現源自於人權，且財產權是屬於基本權之一種，大法官針對「既成道路」之解釋就有釋字第255號、釋字第400號、釋字第440號及釋字第705號等解釋，依據大法官釋字第400號解釋「既成道路符合一定要件而成立公用地役關係者，其所有權人對土地既已無從自由使用收益，形成因公益而特別犧牲其財產上之利益，國家自應依法律之規定辦理徵收給予補償，各級政府如因經費困難，不能對上述道路全面徵收補償，有關機關亦應訂定期限籌措財源逐年辦理或以他法補償。若在某一道路範圍內之私有土地均辦理徵收，僅因既成道路有公用地役關係而以命令規定繼續使用，毋庸同時徵收補償，顯與平等原則相違。至於因地理環境或人文狀況改變，既成道路喪失其原有功能者，則應隨時檢討並予廢止。」，既成道路是台灣長久存在之議題，由於事隔久遠，在客觀環境不斷變遷下，成因更顯複雜。由於徵收補償費用日益龐大，政府囿於財政困境，一直懸而未決，但除了徵收補償外是否還有其他解決方式，故本文探討台北市政府解決已喪失功能之「既成道路」其他因應方式。本研究之對象及範圍，精神源起係以大法官釋字第255號釋憲文「在實施都市計畫範圍內，道路規畫應由主管機關依都市計畫法之規定辦理，已依法定程序定有都市計畫並完成細部計畫之區域，其道路之設置，即應依其計畫實施，而在循法定程序規畫道路系統時，原即含有廢止非計畫道路之意，於計畫道路開闢完成可供公眾通行後，此項非計畫道路，無繼續供公眾通行必要時，主管機關自得本於職權或依申請廢止之。內政部中華民國六十六年六月十日臺內營字第七三○二七五號、六十七年一月十八日臺內營字第七五九五一七號，關於廢止非都市計畫巷道函及台北市非都市計畫巷道廢止或改道申請須知，既與上述意旨相符，與憲法保障人民權利之本旨尚無牴觸。」，另對大法官釋字第400號所釋之『特別犧牲』為思考出發點，並配合剖析釋憲文內涵，分析法規，進而對保障私有土地權利與維護公共通行利益之間所產生之優先性問題進行剖析與探討，當兩者衝突時，應以什麼角度為出發，尋找出最適宜之原則。另外，臺北市因經濟快速發展及人口密集，導致都市土地加速開發之速度比其他縣市更明顯，新式建築逐漸取代舊有都市建築群，惟仍遺留下許多建築群間之舊有通路（即既成道路），故其嚴重情況也居於全國之冠，且隨著計畫道路也逐漸開闢，部分現有巷道已漸漸演變成非必要之通行道路，卻造成建築基地整合與開發之困難，甚至影響都市整體土地之管理與發展。本研究成果期望藉由大法官相關解釋論台北市政府就已喪失功能既成道路處理之研究，整理出合於情理之意見，做為解決已喪失功能之既成道路土地長期遭受不合理使用之情事，亦期提供政府做為決策或立法之參考。 Fundamental rights, of which property rights belong to one kind, derive from human rights. The interpretations given by Justices of Judicial Yuan about “existing roads” are No.255, No.400, No.440, and No.705. The interpretation No.400 indicates that「In the case where roads already exist on which public easement has been established due to some specific criteria, the owners of those roads have been deprived of their freedom to use and make profits from the lands. Their interests on the property have been specifically sacrificed for the general interest. To act fairly, the state should expropriate those lands according to law and provide compensation. If central or local governments, due to financial difficulties, can not completely expropriate those lands and make compensation, relevant organizations should set a deadline for compensation on annual installment or by other means. It is obviously contrary to the principle of equality that the state is not required to expropriate those lands and make compensation on which public easement has already been established and maintained by ordinances given that other privately owned lands within the same road plan have been expropriated and compensated for.」. Existing roads have been the long-standing issues in Taiwan. The causes are complicated because of the constantly changes in objective circumstance over a lengthy period. The government remains the problems unresolved due to financial difficulties in compensation payments that increase daily. But except for making compensation, there may be other possibilities of solutions. Accordingly, this paper will discuss the strategies for Taipei City government to manage the loss-of-function “existing roads.” The object and scope of this study is based on the interpretation No.255「To the extent that an urban plan is implemented, the road planning should be carried out by the competent authorities pursuant to the provisions of the Urban Planning Act. In respect of an area where an urban plan is formulated and a detailed plan is completed according to statutory procedure, the construction and establishment of the roads for such area should then be carried out based on such plans. In mapping out the road systems pursuant to the statutory procedure, any road not subject to such plan is simply meant to be removed and, upon completion of the planned roads, which ought to be available for public traffic, the competent authorities may ex officio or upon application have such non-planned road removed whose existence is no longer necessary for purpose of public traffic. The Directives Ref. No. (66)-TNYT-730275 and Ref. No. (67)-TNYT-759517 as issued by the Ministry of the Interior in respect of the removal of a lane or alley that is not covered by an urban plan, as well as the Notices Regarding the Application for Removal or Route Change of Lanes or Alleys Not Subject to Urban Planning by Taipei City, are in line with the intention described above and thus are not in conflict with the constitutional purpose of protecting the rights of the people.」. Also this thesis, started by considering “the special sacrifice” explained by interpretation No.400, will try to analyze the content of the said constitutional interpretations, research related laws and regulations, and thus review the priority issues of the balance between the protection of private ownership and the maintenance of public access interests. In the meantime, this study will search for the most suitable principles when both rights and interests are in conflict. Furthermore, Taipei City’s rapid economic growth and tense population result in the speed of urban land development much faster than the other cities. New architectures gradually replace outdated ones. However, the old roads (i.e. existing roads) among buildings still remain, and consequently cause the problems worse. Besides, with city plans road proceeding, some existing roads become unnecessary passing ways which lead to trouble integrating and exploiting building lots, even impacting on the management and development of the whole urban land. It is hoped that the results of this paper, through a study of Taipei City government’s strategies to cope with loss-of-function existing roads based on the relative Judicial Yuan interpretations, will present reasonable opinions to deal with the long term problems of unreasonable use of private lands as existing roads. This thesis can also be useful reference for government in policy decision-making as well as legislation.
顯示於類別:	[法律學系暨法律學研究所] 博碩士論文

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