父母和同儕則是兒童成長過程中的重要他人。兒童對人際關係的養成與學習，是從家庭進而拓展到家庭之外，兒童從觀察父母互動的良寙優劣，學到人際互動的知識和技能，在潛移默化中形塑兒童行為，並成為學習的範本。而高年級兒童正進入青春期，是發展同儕關係的重要時期。
本研究以兒童主觀知覺父母婚姻衝突為探討內涵，以認知-背景理論為探討父母婚姻衝突對兒童影響的主要理論依據，探討高年級兒童、新住民兒童的個人背景因素與知覺父母婚姻衝突在同儕關係的差異，以及兒童的個人背景因素與知覺父母婚姻衝突對同儕關係之解釋力。本研究採「問卷調查」，以臺北地區高年級兒童和高年級新住民兒童為研究對象，採用「立意取樣」和「滾雪球」之抽樣方式，高年級兒童和高年級新住民兒童共得有效樣本573人。
研究結果如下：
一、 臺北地區國小高年級兒童知覺父母婚姻衝突傾向於低程度。
二、 臺北地區國小高年級兒童自覺「同儕關係」良好。
三、 臺北地區國小高年級兒童「知覺父母婚姻衝突」愈低，則「同儕關係」愈好；臺北地區國小高年級兒童「知覺父母婚姻衝突」愈高，則「同儕關係」愈差。
四、 同樣面臨父母婚姻衝突的男童與女童，男童比女童有較差的同儕關係。
五、 高年級新住民兒童之同儕關係與臺灣籍兒童並無不同。
根據研究發現，父母應該要特別注意，婚姻衝突對男童的負面影響比
女童大，建議父母維持良好的婚姻互動，增進父母面對婚姻衝突的能力，同時裨益兒童有發展良好同儕關係的學習環境。此外，對於學校和諮商輔導團體在面對兒童「同儕關係」的輔導時，可針對家庭的互動情形，進而設計相關的課程或活動。
Parents and peers are important in the growing process of children. Children’s cultivation and learning of interpersonal relationship expand from their families to the outside world. Children learn knowledge and skills for interpersonal interactions from observing the good and bad interactions of parents, which imperceptibly shape the behavior of children and become their learning models. For senior elementary school students entering the adolescence, it is a critical period for them to develop peer relationships.
This study was aimed to investigate children’s subjective perception of the marital conflicts between their parents. The theories in which the cognitive-contextual framework was employed to investigate the influence of parents’ marital conflicts on their children were based to explore the personal background of senior elementary-school Taiwanese and new-inhabitant students, the differences between their peer relationships when they perceive their parents’ marital conflicts, and the explanation of children’s person backgrounds and perceptions of their parents’ marital conflicts over their peer relationships. Questionnaire survey was used in this study. Senior elementary-school Taiwanese students and senior elementary-school new-inhabitant students were regarded as the research objects. “Purposive sampling” and “snowball” were adopted as the sampling methods. The total valid samples were 573 people.
The research results are as follows:
1. Senior elementary-school students in Taipei tend to seldom perceive their parents’ marital conflicts.
2. Senior elementary-school students in Taipei feel their peer relationships are good.
3. In Taipei, the less the senior elementary-school students perceive their parents’ marital conflicts, the better their peer relationships are; the more the senior elementary-school students perceive their parents’ marital conflicts, the worse the peer relationships are.
4. Male children confronting their parents’ marital conflicts have worse peer relationships than female children confronting their parents’ marital conflicts.
5. In terms of senior elementary school students, the peer relationships of the children of new inhabitants are identical to the relationships of Taiwanese children.
It was found that parents should particularly be careful that marital
conflicts result in more negative influence on male children than female children. It is suggested that parents should maintain good marital interactions in order to increase their capabilities for confronting marital conflicts as well as simultaneously help bring their children a learning environment for developing good peer relationships. In addition, when schools and counseling groups counsel students on peer relationships, they can design relevant courses or activities according to family interactions.
