| 摘要: | 本研究以Weber(1958)於《新教倫理與資本主義精神》一書所遵循之經濟的「歷史學派」（Historical School）為基礎，認為其之主張—「經濟領域的活動必須置於文化整體的歷史發展脈絡下檢驗」，或許能解釋此次台灣民眾的國際援助行為。此一基礎下，本研究將過去已知的可能影響因素與觀察到「在過去相關研究中鮮少或者未被提及與重視」的可能影響因素進行分類、歸納，整理成三大因素，即「人口統計因素」、「心理因素」、「社會、文化及環境因素」，以之作為研究假設與研究架構之基礎，並以問卷調查法進行驗證。
問卷以立意抽樣方式進行，以曾捐款東日本大震災之所有台灣民眾為母體，進行街頭問卷訪談，最終扣除10份無效問卷後，實際共獲得有效問卷374份。統計分析結果顯示，人口統計因素部分，除性別及宗教信仰外，其餘均與捐款行為有顯著關聯；而心理因素部分與社會、文化及環境部分，雖為無法驗證與捐款行為之直接關係，但仍發現捐款人在心理因素部分主要考量因素為利他因素，其次為精神上的利己，物質上的利己則最不被捐款人所採納；社會、文化及環境部分則映證本研究之推測，包括台日關係、個人與日本的連結程度等均為受訪者之主要考量因素。
建立完善的災難應變機制乃近年來各國努力的目標，相關的研究與計畫在近年來也大大的受到重視，然而僅由政府因應緊急災害自稅收中撥出的款項，根本無法填補重大災難之所需，而相關機構，又往往受限於法令規章無法自行營利，維繫組織正常運作即遭遇重重困難，更遑論在緊急時刻投入救災。因此如何快速且更有效的獲得社會大眾之捐贈就更顯得重要。本研究根據研究成果即發現在最後分別針對媒體及網路傳播者、勸募者、社會大眾及後續研究究者提供相關建議，以做為未來發展或後續研究的參考。
關鍵字：國際災難、捐款行為、經濟的歷史學派。
The study is based on the theory of Historicl School, Weber (1958) The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism which advocates「Exam the economic activities under the historical development of cultural entirety」, it may explains the action of international aid from Taiwan people. Under the basis, the research has classified, summarize and sort-out of three factors from possible factors and papers that「Never being mentioned or rarely valued」. They are Demographic factor, Psychological factor and Social, Cultural and Environmental factors. The research will base on these three factors to build research framework and hypothesis, in addition, verify it through questionnaire.
The questionnaire is processed by Purposive Sample, the donors of The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake among streets are the main target group, after deducting ten copies of invalid questionnaire, acquired 374 valid copies in total. Statistical analysis showed that demographic factors are significantly associated with donating behaviors besides gender and religious beliefs; however, Psychological factors and Social, Cultural and Environmental factors were unable to verify a direct relationship with the donation behavior, but still found donors in the Psychological factors mainly consider the factors altruistic factors, followed by the spirit of self-interest, self-serving material least donors adopted; Social, Cultural and Environmental factors verified the speculation of research, including the relationship between Taiwan and Japan, link degree among person and Japan are the main considerations of the respondents.
Many countries are dedicating to build a fine disaster response mechanism in recent years. Related studies and projects are no longer unimportant to the authorities. However, the budget that allocated from taxes is unable to reach the requirement once disaster happens, and related agencies, is often limited by the laws and regulations that they are unable to earn their own profit, encountered difficulties to maintain the organization normal operation becomes problems, not to mention saving people. Therefore, how to acquired community donation in effective ways is becoming important. In this study, the research found that in the final for the media and Internet communicators, the Way, the community, and the follow-up study investigator to provide relevant recommendations as a reference for future development or the follow-up study.
Keywords：International disaster, Donation behavior, Historicl School |
