| 摘要: | 本論文依三個階段分層探討，逐步深入核心議題，從最上位的憲法層次討論，聚焦於社會法治國原則；其次由社會法層次切入，剖析行政程序法與社會保險之意義；再由以上背景知識為基礎輔以判例，將勞工保險條例爭議事項的內容予以分析歸納。
社會法治國原則是近代社會下的產物，本研究先從社會法治國原則探討自由法治國原則有哪些不足之處；傳統通說的具體意涵可分為憲法拘束原則、依法行政原則、法安定性原則、比例原則、權利救濟原則等。這些原則限制了國家恣意發動行政行為，然經社會變遷，工、商業蓬勃發展，因此要求法律必須具備實質妥當性的「實質法治國」概念便隨之而起。實質法治國之具體意涵之乃為社會法治國原則，其主要認為國家應「分配正義」使人民分享給付，以促進自由與尊嚴的均衡實現，要求國家積極提供給付，改變社會上既有的不平等現象。立法論的層次上參考德國社會法之發展，為落實個人之社會基本權利之前提為社會立法，樹立三個基本原則：1. 互助原則；2. 強制原則；3. 最低保障原則。
就社會保險而言，凡依照法律規定必須投保之勞動者和事業機關都必須參與保險，沒有任意選擇之權利，亦不得任意退出保險。同時保險給付內容和保險金額亦必須按法律規定執行，保險人與被保險人之間無自由協商之空間。社會法正式透過立法強制，對涉及之各種關係進行調整和規範，使其符合大眾之利益，實現社會保障制度所追求之目標。
本文歸納出之勞保爭議類型有三，即勞工身分之認定、勞工身分之舉證責任爭議、勞工遭到雇主違法解雇之處理。
最後，本文針對救濟程序上，提出勞工保險爭議案件於訴願程序前另外設置訴願先行程序，並應落實職權調查主義與職權進行主義、撤銷與課予義務連結訴訟、原告友善原則、起訴文書送達之簡化、訴訟免費，藉以簡化救濟程序，更容易使勞工善於利用救濟管道。
This thesis is divided into three parts. First, I study and organized related constitutional concepts and focus on Das soziale Staatsziehl. Second, from concepts of Social Law, I examine the relation between Administrative Procedure Act and the Social Insurance Third, I collect and analyze issues and disputes of Labor Insurance Act.
In detail, from Das Soziale Staatsziehl pespecitve, I inquiry the Rechtsstaats, which includes the principles to restrain goverment's power, such as Binding of the Constitution, Administration by Law, Stability of Law, Proportionality, Right to Relief.
However, because the society and industrial structure change, the needs of Substantial Rechtsstaats arise. In order to break the social inequalty, Substantial Rechtsstaats require distribution justice, enhance the fullfillment both liberty and dignity, and demands govermnet to actively proivide welfare. Legislatively, Social Law reguires three fundamental principles in German: Compulsory Principle, Principle of solidarity, Minimum Floor of Income Protection. Therefore, as to social insurance, labors and their employers are reguired by law to take out insurance and not to withdraw their insurance. There is no room to negotiate the insurance payment, insurance money and their contract as well. In this way, the goals of social security can be achieved.
This study attempts to categorize three disputes about labor insurance: 1. identifying the laborer, 2. burden of proof, and 3. illegal dismissal and its remedy.
Finally, this study concludes that a pre-procedure calls Petition advance procedure should be conduct before the Administrative Appeal has proposed. The remedy procedure for the laborer should be simplified. |
