文化大學機構典藏 CCUR:Item 987654321/25343
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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/25343


    Title: 形夷心華--西方人與漢(華)化認同之現象:20世紀前半期中西交流與認同建構研究的反省
    Foreign Body, Chinese Heart:Re-examining our Study of Sino-Western Cross Cultural Identities in 20th Century China
    Authors: 史哲謐
    Jeremy, T.Smith
    Contributors: 史學系
    Keywords: 華化
    20世紀文化交流史
    中華文化認同
    交互文化主義
    大漢民族主義
    東方主義
    Chinese Cultural Identity
    Sinicization
    20th Century Sino-Western history
    transculturation
    Han Chauvinism
    Orientalism
    Date: 2013-07
    Issue Date: 2013-09-30 11:14:29 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 自古以來中西文化都互相交流的,這個過程在19世紀前的中西史中十分明顯,但為何從19世紀末到及20世紀初,這互相交流的過程突然轉變成 「文化交流之單行道」?中國史家普遍認為這段時期中國境內發生文化帝國主義,然而本篇主張這段時期的文化交流不全然如中國史家所認為的為「文化交流之單行道」,仍然一些西方人的文化認同在這段時期也是深受中華文化影響。但史家分析傳統歷史因素(如軍事,經濟與政治),他們可能就看不出這些貢獻是甚麼。這份論文的探討也對全世界跨文化交流史之理解有另外一個貢獻,因此如果可以多瞭解中西文化交流之過程,學者也許可以對「文化與生物本質主義」之問題和「文化相異學」有新的觀點與理解。中華世界是由多元文化所組成,但最基本的可以分成兩個層面,一為「中華核心」,包含中港台澳之華人學者,一為「中華邊緣」,包含華裔,華僑與非華歐美之中華學者。筆者主張在「中華核心」出現「大漢民族主義」,「後帝國主義」(如「西方主義」及「自我東方論述),而在「中華邊緣」出現「後帝國主義」(如「東方主義」)以及「多元文化」等等知識論之問題,因此使兩邊的中國學家及一般中歐美人,將「華化」這中西文化交流之現象被否認為沒發生過,輕視為不重要的歷史因素,還誤解為「地球村」理論之意分子,結果雖然兩邊都承認中西文化交流能產生「華人西化」這種現象,但「歐美人華化」之現象還沒有被接受,筆者會探討這些知識論缺乏之由來與影響。本論文試圖結合「中華核心」及「中華邊緣」對文化認同之觀點,讓中華學者知道二十世紀中西文化交流真的發生「華化」這種現象,且這現象屬於生物心理上之過程,也屬於社會文化上之過程,且以上兩個過程有緊密地關聯。本篇會探討中國學家為何值得研究「華化」現象,且此歷史因素如何能夠對中歐美對三地互相歷史的理解有貢獻
    What was the nature of Sino-Western exchange in the early 20th century? Why is it that Chinese contributions to the West have only been chronicled up until the 20th century? The history of the West’s influence on China has been exhaustively debated. We use the term cultural “exchange” so often, but in the end we neglect China’s part in this exchange. The history of the peoples of China and the peoples of the West has been well researched over the years by both the Center (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China) and the Periphery (Non-Chinese and Huaqiao China researchers) of China Studies. However, while we have agreed that there has been a process of transculturation (e.g. Westernization) in the case of phenotypically Chinese peoples, we have failed to explore whether or not the reciprocal transcultural phenomenon (e.g. Sinicization/huahua) occurred. The overwhelming consensus on both sides has been to either flat out reject it based on ethnic nationalist arguments, novelize it as a facet of Orientalism, or to subsume it into the borderless world village host of multicultural identities. In this paper, we will explore the history and reasons behind why such a phenomenon has been neglected, misunderstood, or denied by China scholars in the Center and Periphery. I believe that scholars today need to re-examine our views on identity - especially in regard to Sino-Western cross cultural ones - and ask ourselves first: How can we recognize, describe, and accept difference without succumbing to essentialist biological categorization? Then, second, in overcoming this first challenge, how do we avoid the ensuing challenge of completely eradicating the use of “difference” from our analytical tools? By answering these questions, and providing a base of historical agents from which to begin such a study, I will show why the study of such a phenomenon is not only possible but also necessary to the formation of a more comprehensive understanding of this important part of Chinese, Western, and World History, as well as our shared future.
    Appears in Collections:[Department of History-Graduate School] thesis

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