老莊道論比較研究

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Title:	老莊道論比較研究 A Comparative Study on Lao Tzu’s and Chung Tzu’s Theories of Tao
Authors:	張修文
Contributors:	哲學系
Keywords:	道萬物天地聖人無技藝語言氣化動力差異回歸海德格
Date:	2013-07
Issue Date:	2013-09-12 13:56:02 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	我的書主要文本有七章。〈前言〉指向嚴肅的中國哲學學者。最重要的工作，就是中西哲學的會通。所以如果我們想討論道家的理論，我們可以選擇海德格作為可能的詮釋學進路。〈導論〉中指出老子的「無」和「有」的概念。但聖人的「常無」和「常有」畢竟指向一種心境。海德格主張：「首先必須由一種特殊情緒，使他與日常經驗決裂……人在憂慮中面對空無。」由此來說明「無」可以是一種心境。首先說明老子的道是生發萬物的動力，分成「人的存在」、「萬物之道」、「天地的運行」和「聖人之道」來探討。在莊子的道，更以「氣化」來說明，並特別談論技藝與道的關係，和道與語言相依存的關係。老、莊雖同為道家，由概念之結構可以釐清其差異。在道的動力上，從道來生發萬物，但萬物亦有回歸於道的過程。莊子不欲展現如老子般的概念結構，而是自始落實在生活經驗中，自現實中展現飛翔之道。　　海德格有沒有類似老子的「前識」或莊子的「成心」呢？我們對存有的理解常是不真實的定向的，此有所遭遇的物，常以器具的形態出現。物被人利用，失去了物的本性，海德格卻以容器作為範型，說明空無、空的空間，才作為容器之用。自然也能被視為道的動力，能於技藝的人，力量的使用能產生強烈的力量，與自然交互運作。 The main text of my book consists of seven chapters.<Foreword>aims at clarifying the most important work for the serious chinese scholars in philosophy,is a comparative study between Eastern and Western philosophies.In <Introduction>,I try to explain the concept holy man’s of Lao Tzu’s “Nothingness” and “Beingness” but always be non-being and always be being,point at a kind of mood.Heidegger maintained :”Man can only do so if he is torn away from his everyday experience by a special emotion......this shows that man in his anxiety ,is confronted with nothing.” At firt,I characterize Tao for Lao Tzu signifies the power of producing things,can divide into “man’s existence”,“Tao of things”,“the dynamic of sky and earth”,“Tao of holy man”four aspects to discuss.Tao for Chung Tzu is just as air’s vaporize,and I especially discuss the relation of craft and Tao,and the relation of language and Tao.Both Lao Tzu and Chung Tzu are Taoist,but they strutuce the concept of Tao show the difference between their way.On the dynamic of Tao,Tao generating things,but things has a process of return to Tao.Chung Tzu didn’t like to show the structure of concept,rather came back to living experience,Showing Tao of flying in reality. Is Heidegger has some key term like Lao Tzu’s”pre-understanding”or Chung Tzu’s “the heart of prejudice”?Our understanding of Being always inauthentically harness in wrong direction, the thing encounterd by Dasein always show up as a “equipment”. Thing used by man,lost the original nature of itself,Heidegger modelled vessel as a ideal type, that says vacuity, the space of hollow, is the use of vessel. Nature also can view as dynamic of Tao, those man who have craft, use their strength to produce violent power, acting upon nature, and nature repond to him.
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