概述中國西北「花兒」及「河湟花兒」樂曲分析與詮釋－以畢業音樂會曲目為例

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题名:	概述中國西北「花兒」及「河湟花兒」樂曲分析與詮釋－以畢業音樂會曲目為例 An Introduction to “Huaer” Music of Northwestern China The Analysis and Annotataion of “Hehuang Huaer” Music In the Graduation Concern
作者:	蕭清旭
贡献者:	音樂學系
关键词:	河湟花兒 Hehuang huaer 洮岷花兒 Taomin Huaer 花兒會 Huaer Meetings 朱仲祿 Zhu Zhonglu
日期:	2011
上传时间:	2013-03-29 13:11:11 (UTC+8)
摘要:	中國民歌主要分為山歌、號子、小調三大類，在地大物博的中國裡，每個地區都有其特有的民間音樂藝術，而這些是在悠久的歷史過程中，伴隨著文明的演進與民族間的融合交流，共同編織出特有的音樂藝術文化。「花兒」屬於民歌中的山歌，河湟花兒與洮岷花兒為花兒界的兩大流派，在傳播上主要是以「歌隨人走」為主，且又有著「十唱九不同」的特色存在。在本論文中，除了表述研究動機與目的、研究範圍、研究方法與文獻的探討之外。其內文共分為三大類，第一類為主要在表述探討花兒分佈的地域範圍、歷史背景、種類與藝術特徵以及花兒會的延續傳承。第二類討論方向為花兒的音樂性與唱詞上的文學性，諸如比興修辭的描寫與襯詞、襯腔在擴展音樂上的表現，以及演唱方式中，蒼音唱法、尖音唱法與蒼尖音唱法等三種主要唱腔，其中亦涵蓋了潤腔、顫音、呼吸的運用等。第三類主要是針對八首河湟花兒進行文學特徵的探究比較以及樂曲曲式上的分析與演唱詮釋。歷經了文化大革命（1966~1976）的摧殘後，花兒在朱仲祿（1922~2007）的重新站起與當地政府運用傳媒大力的支持之下，近二十年間，再度地逐漸被世人所重視與注意，無論是論著、期刊或是紀錄片等，都有著極富參考價值的文獻不斷誕生，並被聯合國教科文組織列為世界非物質文化遺產。「花兒」充分地表現出大西北遼闊悠遠與人民天生豪邁瀟灑的生命力，無論是過去，還是將來，「花兒」的確是必須被討論與學習，更是中國音樂中極為重要的民間音樂形式。關鍵字：河湟花兒、洮岷花兒、花兒會、朱仲祿 Chinese folk music is mainly divided into three types: mountain song、work song and Ditty. In bounteous China, each area has its unique music art culture, coming along with the long history process, civilization evolutions and fusion between ethnics.”Huaer” is a kind of mountain song of folk music, Hehuang huaer and Taomin Huaer are the mainly two genres of this art form. The mainly deliver way is by people who work around China, and has a characteristic that a song will be different from every singer. In this thesis, except the represent of research motive and purpose、research scope、research approach and method、literature review, the contents is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is going to state the distribution in geographical scope、historical background、the genres and characteristics of the art form, as well as extension and inheritance of Huaer meetings. The second part is the discussion about the music genres and the literary of lyrics of huaer, such as the rhetoric of literary and the performance of the singing skills to extend the musicality. The third part is focus on the investigation and comparison on the literary characteristics of eight pieces of Hehuang Huaer, also to analyze the music form and performance of the music. After the ruin of the Culture Revolution（1966-1976）, with the support of Zhu Zhonglu（1922~2007）and the media utilized by the local government, it took almost 20 years to regain the attention of the public. There are more and more valuable reference bibliographies, no matter writings、periodicals、documentary films and so on. Moreover, it has been listed as a World Intangible Culture Heritage by United Nations Educational Scientific and Culture Organization（UNESCO）. Huaer reflects not only the vast landscape of west-north china, but also people’s vitality. No matter past or future, Huaer must be discussed and learned, also an important folk music form of Chinese music.
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