| 摘要: | 本研究以當代生活在跨越二或三個國家(中國、緬甸、臺灣)的緬甸華人作為研究焦點，探討緬甸華人遷移過程與遷移的背景因素並了解他們如何適應臺灣的文化、風俗習慣、生活環境等……適應問題。
首先以問卷調查初步了解緬甸華人移民來台的時間與在台灣的生活適應問題；再以深入訪談方法獲得緬華移民的動機與相關背景。研究發現，第一批的緬甸華人是從中國大陸遷移到緬甸，在緬甸定居數年，於1949年隨著國民軍政府，再次以「華人回流」的身份移民到臺灣。在緬甸政局動盪不安、「排華事件」與生活貧窮困苦的情況之下，其餘緬甸華人只好離開第二個家鄉「緬甸」。
使臺灣的緬甸華人離開緬甸的推力包含：緬甸軍政府實施的「國營國有化政策」把所有華人所經營的企業沒收，並廢除華語學校。三次無預警的「廢鈔政策」更使得緬華積蓄瞬間化為烏有。除此之外，在1962年爆發嚴重的「排華事件」造成近代緬甸華人離開緬甸的一波移民潮。隨著緬甸華人移民來臺灣的人數激增，連帶增加了其他的緬華移民的動力與資訊來源。緬甸華人移民的動機包含透過親友介紹、緬華對於生活環境與工作需求；此外，渴望接受華語教育的華人，以及跨國婚姻和緬甸國內興起的移民風潮，都加強緬華離開緬甸的因素。移民來臺灣的緬華基於不同的年齡、教育程度以及移入臺灣的年數之差異，在語言與飲食習慣上有不同程度的適應能力。對於成年後再移民來臺灣的緬華而言，工作環境與家庭婚姻的生活適應是另一個難題。
經歷二或三個國家移民過程的緬甸華人，在每一段移民過程中都被視為是外國人「他者」的身份，在渴望成為「我者」的身分認同的同時，更需要學習如何融入新環境的生活，並在不同的國度展現獨一無二的緬甸華人特質。
This research focuses on the migration process and backgrounds of the Myanmar Chinese immigrants in Taiwan, and understands how they adapt to the culture, customs, and living environment of Taiwan.
The preliminary survey was conducted to examine the time the Myanmar Chinese arrived and the problems of living in Taiwan; the detailed interviews were followed to explore the immigrants’ motivation and background. The first generation of the Myanmar Chinese migrated from China to Myanmar, and settled for decades; in 1949, they "came back" to Taiwan with the national military government. With political upheaval, domestic hardship in Myanmar and “anti-Chinese” incidents, the Myanmar Chinese had to leave Myanmar.
According to the Myanmar government’s “Nationalization Policy”, all industries owned by the Overseas Chinese were confiscated, and Chinese schools were abolished. There are three times of “currency reform” without warning deprived the Overseas Chinese of wealth. In addition, in 1962, the “anti-Chinese incidents” caused droves of the Myanmar Chinese to emigrate. With the increase in number of the Myanmar Chinese from Myanmar to Taiwan, the motivation of immigration was strengthened and the need for more information was also increased. The factors strengthen motivation of the Myanmar Chinese to leave Myanmar in include relatives and friends, demand for work, desire for Chinese education, and cross-national marriage. The immigrants’ language and eating habits of ability to adapt differ based on their age and educational level. For the adult Myanmar Chinese, the adaptation to working environment, family, and marriage here in Taiwan is definitely the next challenge.
Myanmar Chinese have to learn how to adapt into living environment in Taiwan, and to show unique Myanmar Chinese characteristics in different countries. |
