| 摘要: | 後冷戰時代各國逐漸將重心從軍事安全移到經濟發展上，綜合國力的競賽成為各國的主要目標。各國外交政策的重心逐漸從冷戰時期的全力備戰，轉變為有效預防並管理國際間可能出現的各種形式的衝突。
在國防政策方面，以往屬於軍事外交取向的國防安全，已轉變為政治、經濟、文化、環保、疾病等多項議題的綜合安全。現代國防政策，在非政府組織及全球市民社會的影響下，已由傳統從上而下的決策模式，逐漸改為由下而上，基於民意所形成的國防政策，這些影響亦造成國防組織的改革調整。
我國在2002年開始實施國防二法，進行國防組織調整，推動文人領軍政策，其意在使國防發展將符合現代民主精神，加速推展軍事事務革命，以建構足以防衛之武力。不過，無可否認地，在推動文人領軍政策中，雖然執行過程大致順利，但仍有部分學者抱持不同的意見。
國內學界對於文人領軍政策，多止於理論層次的討論，甚少針對文人領軍政策實施效益評估。本文希望透過相關文獻理論的探討，從系統論及管理研究途徑切入，透過領導風格及管理作為等面向，運用問卷調查及訪談專家學者，評估我國文人領軍的政策效益，分析政策執行上的優點及窒礙之處，作為未來國防領導指揮體制調整方向的參考。
Abstract
At the end of the Cold War, most of the world’s countries shifted their focus towards economic development instead of military security. The major objective of foreign policy became the attainment of overall global competitiveness of a sort that combined both armed and commercial strength. Diplomatic strategy was altered from preparing for war to preventing and managing international conflict.
With regard to national defense strategy, in place of purely military diplomacy, the maintenance of national security came to require giving careful attention to political, economic, cultural, environmental, and health issues. Moreover, due to the influence of NGOs and global civil society, modern national defense policy had converted its decision making process from “government to people” to “people to government;” meaning that policy decisions should be based on the will of the citizens. This change required the reformation and alteration of many national defense organizations.
In 2002, in order to defend our nation by constructing military force, we (Republic of China) started to give effect to the National Defense Act and the Ministry of National Defense Organization Act by reforming and adjusting national defense organization, and instituting a policy of Civilian Control. The intent was to fulfill the spirit of modern democracy by developing national defense, and accelerating the revolutionary change of military affairs. Doubtless, there are still many different voices and thoughts from scholars, even though the implementation of the Civilian Control policy was smooth.
Scholars within our nation have generated numerous theoretical discussions of the Civilian Control policy, but relatively few practical evaluations of its effectiveness. Therefore, in this article, there will be several discussions via related literature and theories. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Civilian Control policy, these discussions will focus on aspects of management research, the practice of managing and leadership, and the use of surveys and interviews of scholars. In order to offer guidance regarding the further adjustment of the national defense leadership and command system, the advantages and disadvantages of the Civilian Control policy will be analyzed in this article. |
