| 摘要: | 植栽設計在景觀設計中佔極重要地位，一個好的植栽配置更是設計成功的關鍵，然而植栽在選用上需考量環境因素，如陽光、雨量、溫度、土壤等，而內在因素如植栽本身的外型、四季變化、耐蔭性等植栽本身的特性，也是植栽選用時的重要考量因素。其中耐蔭性更影響植栽，然而多數植物並無耐蔭性資料，以至於許多景觀設計師在選用植栽時往往無所適從。本研究探討景觀設計中常用的景觀植物之耐蔭性，將包括粗勒草、黛粉葉、火鶴芋、寶石蔓綠絨、白鶴芋、窗孔蔓綠絨、紅粉佳人、彩葉芋、金鋤蔓綠絨、合果芋、黃心圓蔓綠絨、奧利多、泡泡蔓綠絨、萊姆黃金葛、觀音蓮、台灣姑婆芋、申跋、姑婆芋、山芋、拎樹藤等20種天南星科植物分別種植於遮光還環境設定為0%遮光、40%遮光、70%遮光三種不同光度的環境下，並針對植株之葉面積大小面積、節間距長短、葉色濃淡進行測定，經ANOVA統計分析結果顯示，20種天南星科植物之葉面積、節間距、葉色，與光度達極顯著相關(P<0.001)。而20種天南星科植物種，僅山芋較不耐高度遮蔭外，其餘植物種類均能在遮蔭環境下有較高之葉面積、節間距及較高的葉色濃度，實驗結果證明天南星科植物大部分種類為不喜全光環境之耐蔭性植物。天南星科植物多數為耐蔭植物。透過不光程度下之葉面積及節間距大小做分類，得出20種天南星科植物耐蔭程度的分級(1)高度耐蔭 : 申跋、黛粉葉 (2)中等耐蔭 : 寶石蔓綠絨、粗勒草、白鶴芋、合果芋、黃心圓蔓綠絨、萊姆黃金葛、觀音蓮、姑婆芋、拎樹藤、台灣姑婆芋、紅粉佳人、火鶴芋、彩葉芋(3)低度耐蔭 : 金鋤蔓綠絨、窗孔蔓綠絨 (4)稍微耐蔭 : 奧利多、泡泡蔓綠絨(5)不耐蔭 : 山芋。
In landscape design, planting design accounts for a very important role. A good planting design is often the key to success of landscape design, but there are a number of factors to be considered on the need in the selection of planting. Environment factors such as sunlight, rainfall, temperature, drainage, soil, etc are important for the selection of planting. Even more important is the characteristics of plant itself. These are : seasonal variation and shade-tolerance,etc. Among these items, shade-tolerance of plant is considered to be the critical character in plant design. Only few research papers about shade-tolerance of plants and limited number of species value been reported so far. Most ornamental plant species are lacking of shade-tolerance data while make the selection of plants in landscape design. This study focus on 20 species of Araceae. All plants were planted in green house in 3 different light conditions(full sun light, 70% shading ,40% shading) . The leaf area of mature leaves , internode length were measured every 3 months(season). Color value of mature leaves of each species was recorded in accordance to color measurement instrument . The result of ANOVA analysis indicated that the leaf area, internode length and color value of mature leaves of each species had hight correlation with light conditions (p<0.001).
Most species observed in Araceae had larger leaf, longer internode length and deeper color value in shading environment with the exception of Colocasia formosana Hayata which was found unable to survive in 70% shading. It had been proved that most of species in Araceae were the shade-tolerance species, which disliked full sun light environment. Twenty species of Araceae could be classified as five levels of shade-tolerance according to difference leaf area and internode length under 3 light conditions. The species which had been identified as the highest shade-tolerance species were Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott and Dieffenbachia maculate (Lodd.) Swett, the middle shade-tolerance species Philodendron spp.,Aglaonema spp., Spathiphyllum kochii Engler & Krause, Syngonium podophyllum Schott, Philodendron tricolor Golden Orlando, Rhaphidophora aurea (Lindl.ex Andre.) Birdsey, Rhaphidophora aurea (Lindl.ex Andre.) Birdsey, Alocasia lowii hook.f. X Alocasia sanderiana Bull, Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endl., Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engler, Alocasia cucullata Schott & Endl., Syrgonium podophyllum Schott. cv. Infra Red, Anthrium andraeanum Lindl.,and Caladium x hortulanum Hort. ex Birdsey, the low shade-tolerance Philodendron martianum Engl. cv.Lemon Lime and Monstera obliqua (Miq.)Walp. var. expilata Engler,the slight shade-tolerance species Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott and
Philodendron martianum Engl, and the non shade-tolerance species Colocasia formosana Hayata. |
