法院受觀護少年逃家經驗之研究

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题名:	法院受觀護少年逃家經驗之研究 A study on the runaway experience of teenagers probated in court
作者:	何惠月
贡献者:	心理輔導學系
关键词:	逃家 runaway 受觀護少年 juvenile on probation 觀護制度 probation system
日期:	2012
上传时间:	2013-03-16 11:31:10 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究之目的在探討法院受觀護少年之逃家經驗；逃家經驗中之內在心理歷程及其意義；逃家過程中採取違法行為之意義；持續不逃家之家庭、人際、生活等相關經驗與心理歷程；觀護制度對受觀護少年持續不逃家之影響；促成受觀護少年持續不逃家的因素。本研究採半結構深度訪談法，並以質性資料分析方法，進行分析5位研究參與者的訪談資料，其研究結果如下： 1.受觀護少年首次逃家行為之關鍵動機為滿足玩的需求、親子衝突，潛在動機為童年創傷、家庭生活長期的無聊感；首次逃家前之心理呈現負面情緒，與家庭互動及關係傾向『負向循環模式』，家長之管教方式多為負向性、破壞性。受觀護少年持續逃家動機為好玩與朋友的吸力、對家人有負向情緒、在家庭的無聊感及無說話對象之氛圍、反抗家長的嚴格管教與認為自己有能力在外生存、偷家人的錢而逃避面對後果等。此外，受觀護少年逃家期間之生活呈現同儕提供住所與飲食讓少年更容易產生逃家行為、多數少年於逃家時有被害及加害之經驗、具正負向之複雜情緒、就學處於中斷學習狀態；家長持續或更甚於逃家前之負向、破壞性之管教方式，少年與家庭互動與關係的『負向循環模式』傾向更趨嚴重；當少年的家庭稍具滿足少年的基本需求或安全感之功能，逃家少年需要這些資源時會產生返家動機；返家方式呈現多元；少年的逃家經驗，對他們自身而言，都具有某種獨特的意義。 2.多數受觀護少年逃家時均發生觸法行為，逃家期間呈現很容易受同儕負面影響而觸法、會因玩樂或生活而觸犯財產犯罪行為、會不會思考決定其觸法與否等；當少年發生觸法行為後，很害怕面對家人；觸法行為對逃家少年的意義是他們自己解決自己的問題與情緒之方法。 3.多數逃家少年不再逃家後，在家庭經驗部份，家長之管教方式及少年與家庭之互動與關係都有正向之改變；在人際經驗部份，均呈現正向的人際經驗及感受，較會去思考與選擇朋友；在生活經驗部份，生活傾向正向感受、正向思考。 4.法院觀護制度之處遇對受觀護少年之持續不逃家的影響，包括收容、審前調查、保護管束等處遇協助改善親子及師生關係、少年自我反思、逃家行為、就學等。 5.歸納受觀護少年持續不逃家的原因，包括有觀護制度中的收容、審前調查、保護管束處遇、觀護人的介入、家長管教方式與互動的正向改變、逃家少年的反思、同儕之正向影響、家庭增購休閒設備等原因均影響了少年之持續不逃家行為。 Abstract This study aims to explore the experiences of runaway of juveniles on probation, their mental process and its significance and the significance of illegal acts they take during the runaway. It also researches relevant experiences and mental processes of the continuous non-runaway juveniles such as family, interpersonal relationships and life etc., as well as the influences of probation system on the continuous non-runaway of these juveniles and factors contributing to their non-runaway behaviors. Adopting the semi-structured in-depth interviews and qualitative data analysis, the author analyzes the interview materials of five interviewees, with research findings as below: 1. The key motives for the first runaway behaviors of juveniles on probation are mainly the demand for fun and parent-child conflict, while the potential motives are mainly the children trauma and boredom of long-term family life. They show negative psychological emotions before their runaway for the first time. Their interactions and relations with family belong to negative cycle mode, and the parenting styles of most parents are negative and destructive. The motives for continuous runaway behaviors of juveniles on probation include for fun, attractions between friends, negative moods for family, boredom of family life, no one to talk to in the family, rebellion against with parents’ strict upbringing, the thoughts about earning life on one own and escape from the consequence after stealing parents’ money. In addition, some peers of these juveniles offer them with accommodations during their runaway period, making the teenagers easier to run away. Most of these runaway juveniles have suffered the experiences of hurting and being hurt, complex emotions both positive and negative and suspension of studies. Moreover, the parents continue to adopt the negative and destructive parenting styles or ever worse than the times before the runaway, and the interactions between juveniles and families tend to be worse in negative cycle mode. Once the family can satisfy the juveniles’ basic demands and provide sense of safety slightly, they will have the motives of going back home when they require such resources. The ways they return to home are diversified. For the juveniles, their experiences of runaway are equipped with special meanings. 2. The majority of juveniles on probation act illegal behaviors during the runaway, since they tend to contravene the laws due to negative effects of their peers. They commit crimes against property due to libertinism and life required, but they don’t consider whether it is illegal. They are afraid of facing their families once they break the law. The illegal behavior means method to solve their own issues and emotions by themselves for the runaway juveniles. 3. Mostly, when runaway juveniles stop running away, the parenting style of their parents and interactions between them and family change to positive side in terms of family experiences; while with regard to the interpersonal experiences, they also perform positive interpersonal experiences and feelings and are able to consider and select friends. As for the life experiences, they tends to feel and think positively in life. 4. The effects of Probations System of Court on the non-runaway behaviors of juveniles on probation mainly show up in that the interventions like retention, fishing expedition and probation are helpful in improving the parent-child and teacher-student relationships, the self-reflection of the juveniles, runaway behaviors and schooling. 5. With regard to the reasons for non-runaway behaviors of juveniles on probation, it can be concluded that the retention, fishing expedition and probation in probation systems, interventions of probation officers, positive changes in parenting style and interactions, reflections of runaway juveniles, positive effects of peers and the increased home-use entertainment equipments all play effects on their non-runaway behaviors.
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