| 摘要: | 生態城市發展策略中，皆採用增加綠化面績及綠覆率來改善市熱環境效應。整體都市環境平均溫度增加，將會增加家戶用電量。但是因為缺乏綠覆率對空氣溫度及耗電量之影響評估模式，致使綠化面積無法清楚量化其對環境產生的貢獻。此課題不僅出現在各縣市地區發展計畫中，也出現在城鄉風貌計畫、都市設計開放空間容積獎勵、都市更新容積獎勵等政策之中，極需發展一套研究方法，達成都市節能減碳之重要目的。本研究計畫為綠建築生態城市環境之系列研究；延續國科會十年度的專題研究計畫：「以都市設計管制方法減緩都市住區熱環境之研究[NSC: 97-2221-E-034-013; NSC: 98-2221-E-034-018 -MY2] 」； 「以航測與GIS 法探討都市土地使用變遷對綠環境品質之影響(Ⅰ 、Ⅱ)(NSC : 95-2211-E-034-004；NSC : 96-2211-E-034-004)」；「以遙感探測與GIS法探討地區住居型態影響熱島效應之經濟分析(Ⅰ) (NSC : 94-2211-E-034-004)」；「土地使用管制對綠建築社區影響評估模式之研究—結構方程模式法(I、Ⅱ) (NSC: 92-2211-E-034-004；NSC: 93-2211-E- 034-004)」等計畫研究成果的後續研究計畫，進一步探討對都市環境溫度和耗電量之影響，期減緩地球溫暖化對都市生活的影響。研究主要目的在於以都市街廓尺度分析街廓綠覆率對都市熱環境溫度和耗電量之間的關係差異，建構影響評估模式。以台北市為例，經由福衛二號衛星遙測影像，解析各街廓綠覆率(NDVI 值)，再透過移動調查法現場量測空氣溫度及氣象測站(國中小學校園氣象站) 所得到環境資料，以及台電所提供的地區耗能資料、各家戶用電量資料；以街廓為基礎結合這三類因子，採取結構方程模式法建立影響評估模型。本研究為兩年期計畫：第一年期研究內容包括：(1) 研析台北市各街廓綠覆率之都市熱環境與電能消耗之情形。(2) 解析綠覆率、都市熱環境與電能消耗之因果關係。第二年期研究內容包括：(1) 研析台北市熱環境與電能消耗之關係差異之地區。(2) 現況調查綠覆率、都市熱環境與用電消耗之構成因子的資料。(3) 運用結構方程模式法(SEM)分析，建立影響評估模式。本研究係實務與理論的結合，期能瞭解綠覆率對都市熱環境溫度和耗電量之的關係，亦提供都市計畫或都市設計之節能減碳治理方針。
Development strategies of Eco-city are used to increase the green areas and green coverages to decrease urban air temperature. Air temperature increase of urban environment will increase the electricity consumption of household. Meanwhile, that lack of assessment model of green coverage impact to air temperature and electricity consumption, so that it could not clearly quantify the environmental contribution of green coverages. This issue not only in the urban development plans, but also in urban and rural landscape planning, building floor-areas reward by urban design and urban renew policies, that needs to develop a assessment model to save energy and reduce carbon. This research is a continue research of the special subject of National Science Council, those are: “Thermal comfort improving for urban residential areas using the approach of urban design control(NSC 97-2221-E-034 -013; NSC 98-2221-E-034 -018 -MY2)”, “Life Cycle assessment of Green Environmental Quality Due To Urban Land Use Change Using Remote Sensing and GIS measurements(Ⅰ,Ⅱ) (NSC:95-2211-E-034-004；NSC:96-2211-E-034-004)”,“Economic Analysis of Residential Developments to Affect Urban Heat Island Using Remote Sensing and GIS measurements(Ⅰ) ( NSC 94-2211-E-034 -003)”,“Assessable modeling of zoning control to affect sustainable urban community--Method of structural equation modeling” (NSC 92-2211-E- 034–004; NSC 93-2211-E- 034 -004), it also was a next stage of “The study of zoning control strategies of sustainable urban residential area (NSC90-2211- E-034-004; NSC91-2211- E-034-001)”and so on. Based of those researches, it studies urban design control analysis of assessment model of green coverage to air temperature and electricity consumption. The main purpose of this study is on the city-blocks-scale analysis of green coverage to air temperature and electricity consumption. In Taipei City, for example, by FORMOSAT satellite remote sensing images to analyze green coverage (NDVI value), then through the field survey method measuring air temperature and weather stations (primary schools’weather stations), and Taipower energy information provided by each household electricity consumption data; based on these three factors and take structural equation modeling method to establish impact assessment model. This research includes two years, first year of the study include: (1) Research and analysis green coverage and energy consumption of the thermal environment conditions of Taipei. (2) Granger causality test analysis between green coverage, thermal environment and energy consumption. The second year is: (1) Analysis differences areas of green coverage, thermal environment and energy consumption. (2) Field survey of case areas. (3) To establish impact assessment of green coverage, urban thermal environment and energy consumption. |
