動態運動介入對離心運動引起肌肉損傷指標之效果評估

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题名:	動態運動介入對離心運動引起肌肉損傷指標之效果評估 Effects of Active Warm-Up and Recovery Exercise on the Indicators of Eccentric Exercise Induced Muscle Damage
作者:	林正常吳慧君
贡献者:	體育學系
关键词:	最大攝氧量跑步運動血流量膝伸肌膝屈肌
日期:	2012~2013
上传时间:	2013-03-01 13:32:42 (UTC+8)
摘要:	背景：雖然先前文獻 (Woods等, 2007)指出，在激烈運動/比賽前，進行熱身運動，可藉由加快血液循環、提高體溫及肌肉延展性與關節活動範圍 (ROM)，進而可提升運動表現及降低運動引起傷害之發生率。Howaston & van Someren (2008)推測，在離心運動引起肌肉傷害 (EIMD)時，給予動態恢復處理，亦可加速EIMD之恢復速度。然而，過去大部分文獻 (例如 Evans等, 2002; Martin等, 2004)卻顯示，熱身與動態恢復對EIMD防治是無顯著效果。 Weerapong (2005)與Ingham等 (2010)卻發現，人體膝屈肌群 (KF)或肘屈肌群 (EF)在EIMD之前，進行100次腳後勾等速向心運動 (120°/s，<15%MVC)或4組 x 10次之40%1RM之間歇手舉啞鈴向心運動的熱身運動處理，可有效減輕EIMD造成之症狀並能加速運動表現恢復速度。 Sayers等 (2000)發現，EF在EIMD後進行動態恢復運動 (舉5磅啞鈴做50次向心收縮)，亦可增加肌肉功能恢復的速率。由於上述研究都僅讓受試者使用單一肌群 (KF或EF)做為運動刺激部位而已，故其研究結果無法反應至人體雙腿肌群之先天載重特性或人體雙腿做EIMD前後之預防與處理情境上。目的：將探討「人體雙腿肌群 [膝伸肌群 (KE)和KF]進行EIMD前後，進行 1回合低強度長時間跑步運動引起肌溫與血液循環明顯提升時，其對EIMD傷害預防與恢復速度的效果做評估」。方法：將召募30名大學健康男性做為受試對象，並以他們前測的最大攝氧量 (V ‧ O2max)值做為隨機分組依據，將其分派至動態熱身 (active warm up, AWU)、動態恢復 (active recovery, AR)與控制 (Control, CON)等不同三組之中 (每組10名)。在正式進行最大等速離心運動 (ECC)中，AWU、AR及CON組將分別進行1回合60次KE與KF的ECC [角速度： 30°/s、ROM：20-110°、雙腿四個不同肌群各做60次ECC (4回合 x 60次ECC)：雙腿4個肌群將採平衡次序做ECC]前6天 (CON組)、前1.5小時 (AWU組)、後0.5小時 (AR組)，各以 40%V ‧ O2max強度進行1回合1小時水平坡度跑步 (30分鐘 x 2回合)。KE (90°)及KF (30°) 最大等長肌力 (MVC)、等速向心收縮肌力 (ISO: 30°/s)、膝關節ROM、主觀性肌肉酸痛 (SOR)、肌肉硬度 (MS)、身體肌肉表層溫度 (BT)、心跳率 (HR)、超音波血流攝像動脈血流量(FV)、以及血液生化分析 [乳酸脫氫酶 (LDH)活性、肌紅素 (Mb)濃度、熱休克蛋白70 (HSP70)濃度]，將安排在ECC前、後第0-10天(每間隔24小時)測一次。在進行1小時動態運動前中後，也將測HR與BT，FV則將緊安排在每回合動態運動前與後。所有依變項資料將以二因子混合設計變異數分析 (ANOVA)進行統計分析。重要性：由於過去文獻均以單一肌群做為EIMD之刺激部位而已，其結果欲類推至人體雙腿EIMD情形會受到限制。故本計畫將「讓人體雙腿KE與KF同時進行1回合EIMD前後，進行1回合低強度長時間跑步動態處理，以釐清：是否可藉由增加血液循環、提高肌溫及肌肉與關節ROM，進而使EIMD 程度與運動表現下降減小或可加速EIMD後運動表現與EIMD指標的恢復速度」之假設。因此，本計畫成果，將可釐清動態熱身及恢復運動對運動訓練或比賽引起傷害的防治效果之問題，進而可做為運動選手未來參與訓練及比賽前的熱身與EIMD後恢復方式之參考與應用。 Background: The reference (Woods et al., 2007) showed that warm-up exercise before intense exercise/competition increases blood flow, body temperature, and joints’ range of motion (ROM), promoting athletic performance and reducing the incidence of exercise injury. Howaston & van Someren (2008) speculated that an active recovery process could accelerate the recovery rate of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, previous studies (e.g. Evans et al., 2002; Martin et al., 2004) reported no significant EIMD-preventing effects from warm-up or active recovery exercise. In contrast, Weerapong (2005) and Ingham et al. (2010) documented that knee flexors (KF) exercises [thigh isokinetic concentric contractions of 100 repetitions at 120°/s, <15%MVC,] and elbow extensors (EF) warm-up exercises [4 sets of 10 concentric repetitions with dumbbell at 40% 1RM] reduced EIMD symptoms and increased the rate of recovery from EIMD, respectively. Sayers et al. (2000) showed that active recovery exercise [50 bicep curl actions with a dumbbell (5 lb)] after EIMD also increases the rate of EF muscle function recovery. However, in all these studies, only individual muscle groups (KF or EF) were considered. These results may not apply for real outcomes resulting from two-legged weight-bearing exercise. Purpose: To investigate if one bout of prolonged running exercises before or after eccentric exercise by both leg extensors and flexors induce significant changes in the prevention of EIMD or degree of symptoms after EIMD. Methods: Thirty young untrained men will be assigned into active warm up (AWU), active recovery (AR) and control (CON) groups based on their pre-determined V ‧ O2max. During the process of eccentric contraction (ECC) exercises, the subjects in the AWU, AR and CON groups will perform 6 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic (30°/s) ECC of KE and KF (one bout) [ROM：20°-110° where 0° is full extension; the four muscle groups of legs will perform 60 repetitions of ECC (4 bouts of 60 repetitions ECC) in a counterbalanced order]. In the process, 6 days before (CON group), 1.5 hours before (AWU group), 0.5 hours after (AR group), each with a 1 hour level running at of the intensity of their pre-determined 40%V ‧ O2max (30 minutes x 2 bouts). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of KE (90°) and KF (30°), and isokinetic contraction (ISO: 30°/s) strength, ROM, muscle soreness (SOR), muscle stiffness (MS), bodily muscle surface temperature (BT), heart rate (HR), flow volume (FV) and blood biochemical analysis [the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the concentration of myoglobin (Mb) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)], will be measured before, immediately after 0-10 days. During 1 hour level running, the subjects will be measured the HR and BT before, during and after the process, and FV will be measured immediately before and after the level running. All data will be analyzed by two-way repeated mixed-designed measures ANOVA. Importance of the study: Because the previous studies considered only single muscle group, their results cannot be accurately applied to real situations of EIMD with human legs. This study examines the effects of prolonged, low intensity level running either before or after ECC on the KE and KF of human legs. The results will determine if and how warm-up exercise and recovery exercise influence the degree of EIMD, performance, and recovery rate. Therefore, the results of the proposed study will clarify the preventive effect of active warm-up and recovery exercise to muscle damage of exercise training or competition. It would provide a reference for athletes as they warm-up before and cool-down after a competition and as they recover from EIMD.
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