| 摘要: | 本計畫名為「《爾雅．釋親》與《釋名．釋親》親屬稱謂體系之比較研究」，其主旨乃在探索《爾雅．釋親》所載先秦時代的親制與《釋名．釋親》所載漢代親制之異同。本計畫且是延續本人上一個研究計畫──比較甲金文所見殷商親制與《爾雅．釋親》所見兩周親制──而且更進一步的去研究自三代以來及至秦漢時期，漢民族親屬稱謂暨親族組織體系的發展和演變。《爾雅．釋親》將其所記之親稱歸為四類，即：宗族47 稱、妻黨17 稱、母黨11 稱、婚姻25 稱。雖然《釋名．釋親》未對其所記親稱歸類，但經對照，有 28 稱見於《爾雅》的宗族，15 稱見於《爾雅》的妻黨，2 稱見於《爾雅》的母黨，11 稱見於《爾雅》的婚姻。《釋名．釋親》另記人妻的名稱8 個，及相關的泛稱12 個。經由以上的不同，可對兩個親稱系統所顯現出來的血親、姻親體系，以及婚姻和繼嗣等制度作出比較研究。本計畫乃係一項跨科際的的研究工作，上述的比較研究不僅需要古文字學方面的專業訓練，同時亦需依據人類學中的親屬學方法作出論述。再者，本人又採用當代語言學中的結構成分分析法，來作兩個親稱系統中詞根和詞綴的比較研究。本人預期本計畫執行的成果將對上古親屬制度之研究作出嶄新的貢獻。
The subject of the present research project is making a comparative study on the kinship terminology systems as seen in the Er-ya shi-qing and in the Shi-ming shi-qing.It continues the present researcher’s previous project—a comparison between kinship systems of the Shang Dynasty and that of the Chou Dynasties—and goes further into the changes and the development of the early Chinese kinship system down to the Han Dynasty. Er-ya shi-qing classify its kinship terms into 4 categories, namely,47 in “lineage”, 17 in “wife’s party”, 11 in “mother party”and 25 in “marriage”, but Shi-ming shi-qing did not. And yet one can find that in Shi-ming shi-qing there are 28 terms could be put into the “lineage”, 15 into the “wife’s party”,2 into the “mother’s party”and 11 into the “marriage”. There are also 20 terms not to be seen in Er-ya shi-qing. These facts can be used to investigate the difference between the two kinship systems. This research project is inter-disciplinal. It requires training on ancient Chinese etymology and on anthropology (especially kinship studies) to do the job. The present researcher also applies structural and componential analysis method of modern linguistics to study the two kinship terminology systems. This research project is not only scholarly creative, but also very significant to the study of the development of ancient Chinese kinship system. |
