文學是反應當代社會的一面鏡子，包括人對當代人、事、物在當時社會環境下所發生的一切事物的感觸，用筆表達出來，並藉此傳遞心聲，達到共鳴。我們可以在俄羅斯文學作品中找到當時社會文化與生活的歷史脈絡，得到印證。1825年，俄皇亞歷山大駕崩，政權與治權的改變導致社會現象發生變化。俄羅斯文學從十八世紀的古典文學、浪漫文學走向十九世紀和二十世紀的寫實文學。俄羅斯於九世紀在基輔建國，當時此地區早已有遊牧民族散居於此，他們沒有穩定的政治組織，但其遊牧文化早已融入了俄羅斯社會，十三世紀至十六世紀羅斯國家被蒙古統治約二百五十年後，蒙古的政治、軍事、財政、交通的制度和辦法使俄羅斯成為一個強國。十六世紀後，俄羅斯向東擴張並收復外蒙及降服中亞。哈薩克在1925年4月，蘇聯中央將其從吉爾吉斯社會主義自治共和國分離出來，更名為哈薩克斯坦蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國，並劃定國界和行政區，但仍屬俄羅斯聯邦。如前所言，國家的政治體制對社會現象有絕對性的影響，文學的內容也跟隨著社會現象的變化而產生。哈薩克的詩人兼文學家阿拜‧庫南巴耶娃(Abai Kunanbaev, 1845-1904) 生於十九世紀一個富裕的家庭，受到良好的家庭及正規教育，對事情有正面積極的思維，那時正是俄羅斯文學的巔峰期，文學對他的影響和他最後利用文學來教化哈薩克的子民，如，在阿拜箴言錄中，其中有一篇是提出要向強大的俄羅斯學習好的榜樣，自己的民族國家才能強盛等言論激勵同胞，對哈薩克的社會百姓在思維、價值觀、生活態度上起了很大的作用。 The purpose of the research is retracing of the Russian-Kazakh interrelations from the perspective of influence of Russian literary on the Kazakh literary and culture taking as an example the creativity of Abai Kunanbaev. The purpose implies the dealing with following issues:
the retracing of origin of Russia-Kazakh connections in culture, the issue of interpreting by Mr. Olzhas Suleymenov of the “Word on Igor’s regiment” within the framework of interconnections between Ancient Russia and Polovtsian steep.
the assessment of the degree of influence of Russia literary on development of Kazakh written literary in pre Abai epochs.
the assessment of the influence of Russian literary on the social activity and creativity of poets and writers of early XX Chakarim and Mukhtar Auezov and successors of Abai’s traditions.
The object of the research is the poetry and prose by Abai, translations from Pushkin, Lermontov made by Abai in 1880-1900th and also translations of Abai’s works into Russian and also pieces of other representatives of Kazakh literary of XIX-XX.
The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the afore-mentioned literary works as the artistic structures. The text analysis enables us to get full knowledge about it, to determine the artist’s conception, to understand his viewpoint and to reveal the aesthetic value of literary works.
The novelty of dissertation research consists in the attempt of retracing of development of literary connections of Russia and Kazakhstan as an historically consistent process with assessment of the degree of influence of Russian literature on the Kazakh culture. In the research the attempt was made of resolving using the specific creative materials the issues of creative dialogue between Krylov, Ryleev, Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev on Abai Kunanbaev and representatives of his school.
The practical value of the research is determined by the possibility to use the material presented there at schools and universities while studying the Kazakh literature.
The first chapter of the research is entitled “Russia and Kazakhstan dialogue of cultures in X-XIX centuries”. It is dedicated to the origin of russian-kazakh literature interconnections.
The second chapter is Abai and Russia literature,Russian origin in the Abai Kunanbaev’s creativity. It includes the maturity of the creative personality: Abai and political exiles in Semipalatinsk; Abai and Russian literary, Pushkin traditions in the Abai’s lyrics.
The third chapter is devoted following problems: the problem of Russian lyrics and prose in the translations of poets of Abai’s epoch; Lermontov’s lyrics in the translator’s interpretation of Abai Kunanbaev ; tradition of Russian literature in the creativity of representatives of Abai’s school: Pushkin and Shakarim Kudayberdyev; Mukhtar Auezov and Russian literature: issues of literary education and influence.
The conclusion gives the obtained results that enabled the author to show influence of the Russian literature on Abai Kunanbaev.
