| 摘要: | 笙是中國古老的簧管樂器，已有三千多年的歷史。在周代八音的樂器分類中，屬於匏類樂器。《戰國．齊策一》的「臨淄甚富而實，其民無不吹竽、鼓瑟、擊筑、彈琴……。」從早期屬於流行之一的樂器，延續下來，至今仍常在許多傳統與現代的器樂形式中出現；其演出形式、演奏技巧、曲譜等也漸趨成熟。以笙為主修的筆者一直深知笙在中國音樂中扮演著重要的角色；但是，如何扮演？重要性多大？為何在周朝的樂器分類中可以獨立成為一大類？是否對於當代音樂有影響？這些是值得吾人研究。
全文分為六章，以歷史為主軸，去分析笙在宮廷音樂、祭祀音樂與民間音樂中的應用。第一章主要是敘述研究動機與目的，以至於研究方法和步驟；第二章探討笙的歷史沿革，並且解釋與笙相關的名詞，全章共分為五個時期，上古時期、中世時期、近世前期、近世後期與近現代時期，從五個階段來分析笙的發展及轉變；第三章，笙在宮廷音樂中之應用，分別由平日饗宴、嘉賓宴請、慶典、出巡四種方向探析宮廷音樂中笙的應用；第四章，笙在宗廟祭祀音樂中之應用，以祭祀天地、祭祀祖先、祭祀孔子，三大主題來看笙在之中所扮演的角色為何；第五章笙在民間音樂中之應用，以器樂、戲曲、說唱、現代國樂分別敘述笙的應用。
期待經由資料的彙整與分析，能夠帶給爾後的研究人員，在做進一步研究之前，作為基本的參考；抑或是一般民眾，也可以對笙這個古老的中國樂器，有更多面向的了解。
Sheng is an ancient reed pipe instrument in China for over three thousand years. In the category of eight-tone instrument in Chou Dynasty, it belongs to the instrument of Pau (Pao).《The Warring States．Chi-Tse 1》 says that "Lin-Tz (Lin-Tzu) is an abundant area. No resident there does not know how to play Yu, Drum, Ju (Chu), Chin and etc." It was one of the popular instrument in the early period and until now it also exists in lots of traditional and modern instruments. The styles of performance, skills of performing and music scores come to maturity gradually. I, as Sheng is my major, deeply know the importance of Sheng in the role of Chinese music. But how does Sheng play the role, what level of the importance Sheng is, why could Sheng be an independent part of the instrument category of Chou Dynasty, whether is there any influence to modern music? Those topics are worthy for us to study.
All the contents separate into six chapters and take the history as the main axis to analyze the application of Sheng in royal, worshipping and folk music. Chapter one starts at the motivation and purpose of research and ends at the methods and procedures of research. Chapter two is to discuss the development of Sheng in history, explain the nouns related to Sheng and separate into five periods, ancient, middle age, late antiquity, modern and nowadays and use those five periods to analyze the developments and conversions of Sheng. Chapter three is to state the application of Sheng in royal music and separate into four aspects, admiring in normal days, banqueting , festival and patrolling. Chapter fore is to express the application of Sheng in worshipping music and separate into three topics, offering sacrifices gods, ancestors and Confucius, to know the roles of Sheng. Chapter five is to describe the application of Sheng in folk music and separate into instrumental, drama, narrative and modern Chinese music.
Looking forward to that this thesis could act as a basic reference data for the researchers thereafter or even make the general populace to have more knowledge about the ancient instrument in China, Sheng after collecting and analyzing lots of materials and information. |
