| 摘要: | 本研究以政治社會化的研究途徑，同時探討不同時期政治社會化媒介及大學生政治態度與行為的變遷，以及影響政治態度與行為的因素。 研究結果顯示，1991年與2001年的大學生的政治態度與行為有顯著的變遷。
不同時期大學生，在政治態度及行為上各有不同的風貌。相較於2001年的大學生，1991年的大學生有較高的民主價值取向、政治信任感、政治功效意識與政治參與傾向。變遷的情況，也同時反映在政黨認同上。1991年親國民黨的大學生有23.4％，2001年則降到13％；親民進黨則從1991年的8.4％，升到2001年的34.7％。
族群意識是另一個不同風貌的來源。大學生的中國人認同由1991年的38.6％，到2001年降為6.1％；台灣人認同則由1991年的5.2％，升高到2001年的40.1％。
影響的因素中，政治社會化媒介的影響力不一；父親政黨傾向的影響則呈現下降的趨勢，主觀家庭社經地位及學校性質的影響力增強，政治知識則是持續有重要影響。政治態度對政治參與傾向的影響則相對較為穩定。
就長期趨勢而言，下降的民主價值取向等政治態度，可能同時也反應了政治疏離的問題。因此，就此現象推論，新生代公民的民主價值取向等，將會持續下降，政治疏離的問題也將擴大。
本研究所使用資料，1991及2001年係採自「我國大學生政治社會化之研究—十五年來政治價值與態度之變遷」，計畫編號：NSC80-0301-H004-18，計畫主持人為：陳義彥，其它研究參與者為：洪永泰、盛杏湲。「我國大學生政治社會化之研究：二十五年來政治價值與態度之變遷」（NSC 89-2414-H-004-048），計畫主持人為：陳義彥，其他研究參與者為：劉義周、盛杏湲、游清鑫、陳陸輝、鄭夙芬、 張卿卿、洪永泰、鄧毓浩、傅恆德、陳文俊，兩項資料釋出單位為國立政治大學選舉研究中心。作者感謝上述機構及人員提供資料協助。
In this study, the researcher makes use of the approach of political socialization to discuss not only the changes of the agents of political socialization, but also those of the political attitudes and behaviors of College Students in Taiwan, as well as the factors influencing them. Our findings show that, between 1991 and 2001, the college students’ political attitudes and behaviors have changed remarkably.
Outlooks of the political attitudes and behaviors of the college students of different periods are not alike. In 1991, college students expressed higher democratic value orientation, political trust, political efficiency and the political participation tendency than what students did in 2001. While the changes mentioned above occur, also the college students’ party identity transforms simultaneously. That means, in 1991, the KMT identification was 23.4%, what dropped to 13% in 2001; on the other hand, the DPP identification aroused from 8.4% of 1991 to 34.7% of 2001.
Ethnic consciousness shows another facet of changes. In 1991, the Chinese identity of college student was 38.6%; nevertheless, it reduced to 6.1% in 2001. On the other hand, from 1991 to 2001, the Taiwanese identity has increased from 5.2% to 40.1%.
Regarding the influencing factors, a few concluding remarks could be summarized : The operation of the agents of political socialization shows no consistent influence. Whereas the influence of father’s party identity decreases gradually; on the contrary, the influences of the subjective family socioeconomic status and the nature of school both increase. The influence of political knowledge is always important; nevertheless, the political attitude has a significant impact on political participation.
From a long-term point of view, the decline in democratic value orientation and other changes of political attitude might have reflected a trend of political alienation and lesser engagement. Therefore, we can assume that, if the trend remains unchanged, then the forthcoming adult citizen might possess declining democratic value continually, so that the problem of political alienation might remain even more serious than ever. |
