| 摘要: | 近年來，全球暖化變遷世界氣候整體改變，天然災害發生機率增加，臺灣深受其影響，在經歷颱風帶來豪雨、地震造成土石鬆軟引發土石流災害破壞，嚴重造成傷亡、經濟損失。從居民角度思考，面對摧毀居住建築之直接與間接災害時，居民應先前往何處避難，以求得人身安全為重要。因此避難區位影響著居民安全更對後續之救援能否迅速定位與減少危險，讓臨時避難發揮其功效，所以評估避難區位為重要、必要性課題探討，尤其偏遠地區因地形陡峭、設施不足使傷亡及破壞更加嚴重，因此避難區位為事前防災作業刻不容緩，需持續對減災、整備、應變進行探討，提升安全規劃，將損傷降至最低及防災作業為主軸。
本研究以臺灣南投縣信義鄉望美村為研究範圍，評估山坡地土石流避難區位。藉土石流、避難理念等文獻回顧建構基礎，建立山坡地土石流避難研究模式並以問卷調查修正模式，訂定影響因子距離性、空間性、容納性、危險性。以灰系統理論及地理資訊系統、MATLAB工具輔助評估避難區位。
研究操作上先對望美村水文、地形、道路等建立資料庫，進行地理資訊系統與影響因子分析空間、環域、模型等關係，篩選較為安全區位，在依篩選結果進行灰系統理論的灰生成轉換、灰色熵權重、灰關聯排序評估南投縣信義鄉望美村避難區位、提供防災作業參考。
希望透過個案探討，落實避難區位和政策機制能完善為目的，對整體環境提出結論與建議及後續之課題與議題。本研究預期成果如下：1.影響因子的距離、空間、容納、危險成效運用。2.灰系統理論的灰生成、灰色熵、灰關聯成效運用。3.實證範圍避難區位落實成效。4.提出結論與建議。5.提出課題與議題。
Recently global warming has changed the whole world’s climate, increasing probabilities of natural disaster. Taiwan is deeply affected. Taiwan has experienced typhoons bringing heavy rain, earthquakes causing mudslide triggering debris flows, serious casualties, and economy losses. From residents’ perspectives, facing homes destroyed brings direct and indirect disaster. It’s very important to think where residents should go to refuge in order to get personal safety. Therefore locations of shelters affect residents’ safety. It relates if rescue location can be found rapidly and reduce danger. It’s important and necessary topic to evaluate locations of shelters. especially hinterlands. Their slope of landform, lack of facilities so that casualties and destruction are severer. Shelters areas are urgent for debris flow disaster prevent. so we should continue studying mitigation, preparedness, response, raising safety plans, in order to reduce casualties to the lowest level as well as operating procedures for debris flow disaster prevent.
The database system is constructed based on “Wangmei village, Sinyi township”, and use it to evaluate shelters on the slope happening debris flow. By the literature review method, build the models which discuss about shelters on the slope happening debris flow. Use questionnaires to correct the models, institute influencing factors: distance, space, capacities, danger. According to GIS, GST, and MATLAB tools, they assist to evaluate shelter areas.
First, this research project in which we collect cases of steams, geography, roads, and set up a database system in order to research GIS and relate to influencing factors- space, buffer and DEM, which select much safer areas. According to the result, we carry out Grey Generating, Grey Entropy Weight, and Grey Relational from Grey System Theory. We use them to evaluate shelter areas in Wangmei Village, Sinyi township and offer the debris flow disaster prevent reference.
Through the case study, It implements the shelter areas and improves debris flow disaster prevent. The study aims to investigate: 1.Influencing factors-distance, space, capacities, danger-are applied.2.Grey System Theory- Grey Generating, Grey Relational, and Grey Entropy Weight –is applied.3. Shelter areas which are researched fulfill. 4. Propose conclusions and suggestions.5.Propose research problems and issues. |
