| 摘要: | 台灣銀行業大部份營收來源為存款收受和貸款貸放為兩項主要傳統業務，並以兩者間的利差為重要營收利潤來源，銀行放款業務中不動產放款業務為銀行主要業務，而房屋貸款向來是銀行業不動產放款中最重要的獲利來源，本研究以銀行業者在消費者提供「工業住宅」作為擔保品時，銀行業放款給消費者，從銀行經營的角度切入，金融機構應考量的信用風險及決策評估。
本研究共分為成五個章節，第一章為續論，主要為確立整體研究架構，論述影響銀行對工業區不動產放款授信評估要素為研究方向，包含研究緣起的說明，研究動機、目的之確立及範圍內容之界定和限制，並擬定研究步驟、方法與流程；第二章為文獻回顧，透過「信用風險相關文獻」、「銀行法規對銀行放款規範」、「工業區不動產相關文獻」及「其他銀行放款相關文獻」進行歸納分析，把評估因素出處與理論架構建立起來；第三章為研究設計與方法說明，主要為根據文獻回顧建立評估要素，歸納彙整定義評估風險準則因素及對本研究所採用研究方法提出詳盡說明；第四章為銀行對工業區不動產放款之信用風險評估要素問卷分析，經由專家問卷確定評估風險準則因素指標，找出對信用風險具有影響性因素，結合決策實驗室分析法及網路程序分析法，分析各項評估風險準則之間的因果關係與相對權重，對評估要素進行實證分析；第五章為結論與建議，根據第一章所提出的目的，對金融機構授信決策提出結論與建議和後續研究建議。
研究結果顯示，銀行對工業區不動產放款之信用風險評估要素經實證最重要
的因素為「貸款成數」、「貸放金額」、「負債支出/收入比」、「擔保品位置」、「金
融往來關係」、「擔保品現值」等評估風險準則因素，是相對較重要之風險評估指
標，六項指標權重值合計占所有評估風險準則因素達77.84 %，銀行業對工業住
宅授信評估只要觀察以上六項信用風險要素，即可先行判斷客戶之信用風險，另
銀行對工業區不動產放款之授信政策，銀行可優先考量選擇「低利率高額度」之
授信決策，建立一套具體的風險評估模式。
Most revenue resources in Taiwan bank industry are from two traditional businesses, deposit and loan. The spreads between them are the main business incomes. The real estate loan is the main business among bank loans, and the residential loan is always the most important revenue resources among other real estate loans in the bank industry. This study explored the credit risk which should be considered and the decision-making assessment from the angle of bank operation when the customer provides “industrial residence”as the collateral to the bank.
This study is divided into five chapters. First chapter is an introduction. It mainly establishes the overall study framework, elaborates the study direction, the elements which have impact on the industrial real estate loan credit risk assessment, including the origin, motivation, purpose, determination and restriction of range and contents. The procedures, methods and processes are also determined in this chapter.The second chapter is a literature review. Summary and analysis are performed on“credit risk related literature”, “bank guidelines governing bank loan”, “industrial real estate related literature” and “other bank loans related literature”. The resources of assessment elements and the theoretical framework are associated. Chapter 3 is regard to the study design and method. It mainly establishes the assessment elements through literature review, summarizes, integrates and determines the elements of risk assessment guidelines and the method adopted by this study is explained in detail.Chapter 4 is about the questionnaire analysis of the elements of the industrial real estate loan credit risk. The factor index of risk assessment guidelines are determined by the experts to seek the elements which have impact on credit risk. Combining with decision making trial and evaluation laboratory（DEMATEL）and analytic network process（ANP）, the causality and the relative weight among different risk assessment guidelines are analyzed and an empirical analysis is performed on the assessment elements .The fifth chapter is the conclusion and suggestion. Based on the purpose described in the first chapter, the conclusions about the credit decision of financial institutions are made and suggestions regarding subsequent studies are put forward.
The results of the study indicated that the most important analysis elements of the industrial real estate loan credit risk assessment are “percentage of loan”, “loan amount”, “ liability/income ratio”, “ location of collateral”, “financial dealing relation” and “current value of collateral” etc. risk assessment guideline elements. They are relatively more important risk assessment index. The total weight of these six indexes occupies as high as 77.84 % percent of all risk assessment guideline elements. Banks just need to observe these six credit risk elements mentioned above in the credit risk assessment of manufactured housing, then, they can determine the credit risk of the customers primarily. In addition, regard to the industrial real esate loan policy, the banks may consider “low- interest rate and high value” as a priority to establish a set of concrete risk assessment model. |
