| 摘要: | 中文摘要
本研究旨在探討臺北地區已婚者「離婚態度」與「幸福感」之現況， 並暸解不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區已婚者分別在「離婚態度」及「幸福感」上的差異情形；另探討臺北地區已婚者分別在「離婚態度」及「幸福感」之相關性。更進一步暸解臺北地區已婚者「個人背景因素」與「離婚態度」對「幸福感」上的解釋力。
本研究採「調查法」進行資料的收集，並以「分層比例」之抽樣方式，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市及新北市）之已婚者為調查對象，正式抽樣 700 份，有效樣本 581 份，有效回收率為 83 %。所使用研究工具，包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「離婚態度量表」及「幸福感量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS Windows 17.0 進行結果分析，分別以敘述統計、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關以及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。主要研究結果如下：
一、臺北地區已婚者「離婚態度」與「幸福感」之現況
1. 臺北地區已婚者之整體「離婚態度」傾向於開放的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。其中以「離婚的意向」層面的離婚態度，接受度最高；而以「婚姻的長久性」層面的離婚態度，接受度最低。
2.臺北地區已婚者之整體「幸福感」傾向於「中高程度」之狀況，其中以「樂觀」層面的幸福感感受為最高；而以「生活滿意」層面的幸福感感受最低。
二、臺北地區已婚者之不同「個人背景因素」分別在「離婚態度」上的差異情形
1. 臺北地區「女性」已婚者在整體「離婚態度」上，相較於「男性」，趨向於較開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
2. 臺北地區「初婚年齡」愈低的已婚者在整體「離婚態度」上，趨向於開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
3. 臺北地區擁有「子女數」越少的已婚者，在整體「離婚態度」上，趨向於開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
4. 臺北地區教育程度為「研究所及以上」的已婚者，在整體「離婚態度」上相較於「高中（職）畢」者，趨向於較開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
5. 臺北地區宗教信仰為「基督教」的已婚者在整體「離婚態度」上，相較於「無信仰」、「佛教」、「道教」、「天主教」及「其他信仰」者，持較保守的態度，較無法接受離婚的行為。
6. 臺北地區已婚者「經濟壓力」僅在「婚姻的長久性」層面的「離婚態度」上，持較趨向於開放的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。
7. 臺北地區「性生活狀況」愈不滿意的已婚者，在整體「離婚態度」上，趨向於開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
8. 臺北地區已婚者「本身有外遇經驗」行為者，在「離婚的感受」及「離婚的意向」層面的「離婚態度」上，相較於「本身沒有外遇經驗」行為者，其「離婚態度」愈趨向於開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
9. 臺北地區已婚者「配偶有外遇經驗」行為者，在「婚姻的長久性」、「離婚的感受」及「離婚的意向」層面的「離婚態度」上，相較於「配偶沒有外遇經驗」行為者，其「離婚態度」愈趨向於開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
三、臺北地區已婚者之不同「個人背景因素」分別在「幸福感」上的差異情形
1. 臺北地區教育程度為「研究所及以上」的已婚者在整體「幸福感」上，相較於「高中（職）畢」及「大學畢」，擁有較高的幸福感受。
2. 臺北地區宗教信仰為「基督教」的已婚者在整體「幸福感」上，相較於「無信仰」、「佛教」、「道教」、「天主教」及「其他信仰」者擁有較高的幸福感受。
3. 臺北地區「經濟壓力」愈大的已婚者，其「幸福感」感受愈低。
4. 臺北地區「性生活狀況」愈滿意的已婚者，在整體「幸福感」上，擁有較高的幸福感受。
5. 臺北地區已婚者「本身沒有外遇經驗」行為者，在「生活滿意」層面的幸福感上，相較於「本身有外遇經驗」行為者，擁有較高的幸福感受。
四、臺北地區已婚者的「離婚態度」與「幸福感」之間相關情形
受試者之整體「離婚態度」與整體「幸福感」達顯著之低程度負相關。意味著，臺北地區已婚者對離婚態度愈趨向於開放，對離婚行為接受度愈高，則其幸福感受愈低。
五、臺北地區已婚者「個人背景因素」與「離婚態度」對「幸福感」的解釋分析
1. 臺北地區已婚者為「女性」、「教育程度較高」、「性生活越不滿意」及「配偶有外遇經驗」者，對離婚態度愈趨向於開放，對離婚態度的接受度愈高，愈能接受離婚的行為，且能預測受試者之整體「離婚態度」24%的變異量。
2. 臺北地區已婚者「結婚年數越長」、「性生活愈滿意」、「年齡愈輕」、「子女數愈少」、「教育程度愈高」及「經濟愈沒有壓力」者，其整體幸福感受愈高，且能預測受試者之整體「幸福感」29%的變異量。
3. 臺北地區已婚者「年齡愈大」、「結婚年數越短」、「子女數愈少」、「教育程度愈高」、「經濟愈有壓力」、「性生活狀況愈不滿意」及「配偶有外遇經驗」行為者，其對離婚態度愈趨向於開放，對離婚行為的接受度愈高，而其幸福感感受愈低，且能預測受試者之整體「幸福感」29%的變異量。。
依據本研究之發現與結論，建議臺北地區已婚者宜持續學習與保持與配偶間良性的互動，並建立良好的溝通管道，對婚姻與家庭經營有正確及良好的認知，瞭解如何維繫婚姻，以提升婚姻品質。對於兩性之間「離婚態度」及「幸福感」宜有正確認知，瞭解如何維繫婚姻，並鞏固家庭基礎。此外，針對未婚者，建議宜積極參與婚前教育課程及兩性成長團體，對於婚姻關係的維繫與經營有更進一步的認知，用以培養正確婚姻觀念；再者，對教育相關單位提出，因應社會風氣改變，需依據已婚、未婚者需求，廣設相關課程與講座，並設置支持團體，以提供維繫健康婚姻關係、正確婚姻態度與價值觀，用以提升幸福感。
Abstract
This study is to investigate the current status of the married peoples’ “attitudes on divorce” and “well-being” in Taipei area and the influences on the “attitudes on divorce” and “well-being” of the married people in Taipei area who come from different “personal backgrounds”. In addition, the correlation of the married peoples’ “attitudes on divorce” and “well-being” was probed. Furthermore, the explanation of “well-being” was tested by “personal background” and “attitudes on divorce” of Taipei married people.
In this study, a questionnaire survey method was used for collecting data, and proportionate stratified sampling was adopted on the samples of 700 married people living in Taipei area (Taipei City and New Taipei City), among which 581 were valid returns (83%). Research instruments included a personal background questionnaire, attitudes on divorce scale and personal well-being scale. SPSS for Windows 12.0 was used to analyze all the data collected with the approaches such as descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The major findings were as follows:
A. The current status of the married peoples’ “attitude on divorce” and “well-being”
1. The married people in Taipei area tend to have more open-minded attitude toward “attitude on divorce” and appear to have more acceptance of divorcing behavior. Of all the dimensions, the “intention of divorce” shows the highest degree of acceptance; whereas, “the permanence of marriage” shows the lowest degree of acceptance.
2. The married people in Taipei area tend to have a “middle level” situation toward “well-being”. Of all the dimensions, the “optimism” shows a highest degree of well-being; whereas, the “life satisfaction” shows a lowest degree of well-being.
B. The influence of “different personal backgrounds” on “attitude on divorce”
1. The female married in Taipei area with more open-minded attitude toward “attitude on divorce” than the male ones tend to accept the divorce behavior.
2. The married in Taipei area who have lower “first married age” with more open-minded attitude toward “attitude on divorce” tend to accept the divorce behavior.
3. The married in Taipei area having lower “number of children” with more open-minded attitude toward “attitude on divorce” tend to accept the divorce behavior.
4. The married in Taipei area having “graduated from graduate school and the higher” education level with more open-minded attitude toward “attitude on divorce” than those having “graduated from senior high school” education level tend to accept the divorce behavior.
5. The married in Taipei who believing in Christianity with conservative attitude toward “attitude on divorce” than others tend to not accept the divorce behavior.
6. The “economy stress” presents the married in Taipei area with a more open-minded attitude in the “marriage permanence” level of “attitude on divorce” tend to accept the divorce behavior.
7. There is “low”, negative and significant correlation between the “satisfaction in sex” and “attitude on divorce” of the married in Taipei area.
8. There is “low”, positive and significant correlation between the “personal extramarital experience” and “attitude on divorce” of the married in Taipei area.
9. There is “low”, positive and significant correlation between the “spouse’s extramarital experience” and “attitude on divorce” of the married in Taipei area.
C. The influence of “different personal background” on “well-being”
1. The married in Taipei area having “graduated from graduate school and the higher” education level with higher well-being than those having “graduated from senior high school” education level.
2. The married in Taipei who believing in Christianity with higher well-being than others tend to not accept the divorce behavior.
3. There is “middle”, negative and significant correlation between the “economy stress” and “well-being” of the married in Taipei area.
4. There is “low”, positive and significant correlation between the “satisfaction in sex” and “well-being” of the married in Taipei area.
5. The married without “personal extramarital experience” has a higher well-being than those with “personal extramarital experience”.
D. The correlation between “attitude on divorce” and “well-being”
As a whole, there is low, negative and significant correlation between the participants’ “attitude on divorce” and “well-being”. In other words, the more the married in Taipei area tend to open-minded toward attitude on divorce, the more they accept the divorce behavior; the less the married in Taipei area feel the well-being, the more they accept the divorce behavior.
E. The explanation of “well-being” by “personal background” and “attitude on divorce”
1. The married are female, higher education level, unsatisfied in sex and extramarital experience of her spouse, then they tend to open-minded toward attitude on divorce, appear to accept divorce behavior.
2. The married without “economy stress” and with “satisfaction in sex” has a higher well-being feeling.
3. The married without economy stress and with “satisfaction in sex” tend to conservative toward attitude on divorce, appear to low accept divorce behavior but high in well-being.
According to the findings and conclusions in this study, it is indicated the married in Taipei area should learn to interact with the spouse well, make a constructive communication and perceive the importance of the “attitude on divorce” and “well-being” to maintain the marriage and hold the family. Second, we suggest the unmarried to develop correct marital concepts by participating premarital educational courses and counseling groups to know marriage maintenances and managements. Finally, we suggest the married life counseling organizations and the related government hold various courses and lectures about marriage in order to establish healthy marital concepts and increase the well-being to the unmarried by following the social propensity. |
