| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討臺北地區成年男性「生活壓力」、「幸福感」與「生活品質」之現況，並暸解不同：「個人背景因素」之臺北地區成年男性分別在「生活壓力」、「幸福感」以及「生活品質」上的差異情形；另探討臺北地區成年男性分別在「生活壓力」、「幸福感」及「生活品質」之相關性。更進一步暸解「個人背景因素」分別對臺北地區成年男性在「生活壓力」、「幸福感」以及「生活品質」上的解釋力。
本研究係採用「調查法」進行資料的收集，並以「分層比例」之抽樣方式，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）之成年男性為調查對象，預計正式抽樣600份，實得有效樣本為576份，有效回收率96.0％。所使用之研究工具，包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「生活壓力量表」、「幸福感量表」以及「生活品質量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 17.0 進行結果分析，分別以敘述統計、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。本研究旨在探討成年男性生活壓力、幸福感與生活品質之研究，主要研究結果如下：
一、 臺北地區成年男性「生活壓力」、「幸福感」與「生活品質」之現況
1. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活壓力」傾向於中低程度。其中以「環境壓力」層面之生活壓力為最高，而以「家庭壓力」層面之生活壓力為最低。
2. 臺北地區成年男性之「幸福感」傾向於中高程度。其中以「樂觀」層面之幸福感為最高，而以「生活滿意」層面之幸福感為最低。
3. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活品質」傾向於中高程度。其中以「社會範疇」層面之生活品質為最高，而以「生理範疇」層面之生活品質為最低。
二、 臺北地區成年男性之「個人背景因素」對「生活壓力」的差異情形
1. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活壓力」會因「年齡」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。其中，年齡為「20~29歲」者之「整體生活壓力」顯著高於「40~49」歲及「50~59」歲者。
2. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活壓力」會因「教育程度」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。教育程度為國中（含）以下及「高中（職）畢者」之「整體生活壓力」顯著高於「研究所以上」者。
3. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活壓力」會因「個人平均月收入」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。個人平均月收入為「17,880元」以下者之「整體生活壓力」顯著高於「22,801~31,800元」、「31,801~38,200元」及38,201~48,000元者
三、 臺北地區成年男性之「個人背景因素」對「幸福感」的差異情形
1. 臺北地區成年男性之「幸福感」會因「年齡」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。年齡為「50~59歲」者之「整體幸福感」顯著高於「20~29歲」、「30~39歲」及「40~49歲」者。
2. 臺北地區成年男性之「幸福感」會因「教育程度」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。教育程度為「專科畢」、「大學畢」及「研究所」以上者之「整體幸福感」顯著高於高中（職）畢」。
3. 臺北地區成年男性之「幸福感」會因「個人平均月收入」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。個人平均月收入為「48,001元以上」者之「整體幸福感」顯著高於「17,881~22,800」元者。
四、 臺北地區成年男性之「個人背景因素」對「生活品質」的差異情形
1. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活品質」會因「年齡」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。年齡為「50~59歲」者之「整體生活品質」顯著高於「20~29歲」、「30~39」歲及「40~49歲」者；「60歲以上」者之生活品質顯著高於「20~29」歲及「30~39」歲者。
2. 臺北地區成年男性之「幸福感」會因「婚姻狀況」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。「已婚者」之「整體生活品質」顯著高於「未婚者」及「其他」（同居、分居、離婚、喪偶及再婚）。
4. 臺北地區成年男性之「生活品質」會因「個人平均月收入」的不同而有顯著之差異存在。個人平均月收入為「48,001元以上」者之「整體生活品質」顯著高於「17,881~22,800元」、「22,801~31,800元」及「1,801~38,200元」。
五、 臺北地區成年男性的「生活壓力」與「生活品質」之間相關情形
臺北地區成年男性之整體「生活壓力」與整體「生活品質」達顯著中程度之負相關，意即受試者之「整體生活壓力」程度愈高，其「整體生活品質」程度愈低。
六、 臺北地區成年男性的「幸福感」與「生活品質」之間相關情形
臺北地區成年男性之整體「幸福感」與整體「生活品質」達顯著非常強烈程度之正相關，意即受試者之「整體幸福感」程度愈高，其「整體生活品質」程度愈高。
七、 臺北地區成年男性的「生活壓力」與「幸福感」之間相關情形
臺北地區成年男性之整體「生活壓力」與整體「幸福感」達中程度之負相關，意即受試者之「整體生活壓力」程度愈高，其「整體幸福感」程度愈低。
八、 臺北地區成年男性「個人背景因素」、「生活壓力」對「生活品質」的解釋力情形
臺北地區成年男性之「年齡30~39歲」、「年齡40~49」、「已婚」、「個人平均月收入17,881~22,880元」、「個人平均月收入22,881~31,800元」及「整體生活壓力」在「整體生活品質」上達顯著水準，顯示此七個因素能預測受試者之「整體生活品質」60%的變異量。
十、臺北地區成年男性「個人背景因素」、「幸福感」對「生活品質 」的解釋力情形
臺北地區成年男性之「年齡30~39歲」、「已婚」、「未婚」、「個人平均月收入17,881~22,880元」、「個人平均月收入22,881~31,800元」「個人平均月收入31,881~38,200元」及「整體幸福感」在「整體生活品質」上達顯著水準，顯示此七個因素能預測受試者之「整體生活品質」76%的變異量。
十一、臺北地區成年男性「個人背景因素」、「生活壓力」、「幸福感」對「生活品質」的解釋力情形
臺北地區成年男性之「年齡30~39歲」、「年齡40~49歲」、「已婚」、「未婚」、「個人平均月收入17,881~22,880元」、「整體生活壓力」及「整體幸福感」在「整體生活品質」上達顯著水準，顯示此七個因素能預測受試者之「整體生活品質」78%的變異量。
根據上述研究結果，建議成年男性宜重視個人心靈層面的成長、降低物質層面的需求、保持規律之運動習慣、正當的休閒活動與積極的進行理財規劃，以降低環境衝擊；加強自我正面心理強化、保持規律的生活作息、積極改善睡眠品質，做好時間管理以維持身體之健康狀態；並且找人傾吐心事與抒發負面情緒，學習用正面的態度解決面臨的問題。再者，建議企業機構提供定期的壓力檢測與提供情緒與壓力管理課程以便及時關懷與增加員工抗壓性與瞭解抒發壓力之管道；提供暢通的升遷管道與合理的薪資報酬，並且提供心靈成長之相關課程以提高員工之幸福感；並且規劃適切的運動健身場所，以提高員工之工作效率。除此之外，建議政府心理衛生相關單位宜提供身心健康講座以期提供正確因應壓力之方式；環境保護相關單位可加強宣導減少天然能源的耗竭與保護居住環境。
This thesis studies the current status of Life stress, well-being, and quality of life of male adults in the great Taipei area. We analyzed the differences and correlations among them as a result of personal background, and from which we evaluated the factors of personal background in the subjects of interest.
This study was performed with the questionnaire survey method, by adopting the proportionate stratified sampling scheme, on the sample of 600 male adults residing in the great Taiwan area (including Taipei City and New Taipei City), among which 576 are valid returns (96.0%). The questionnaire survey was preceded with a personal background questionnaire, Life stress scale, Well-being scale, and quality-of-life scale. All the data collected were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 17.0 with the toolboxes of descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Our major findings are highlighted below:
A. The current status of life stress, well-being, and quality of life of male adults residing in the great Taipei area
1. Life stress is at the level of moderate low. Among others, Life stress from environment aspect is the highest, while that from family stress is lowest.
2. Well-being is at the level of moderate high. Among others, Well-being from optimism is the highest, while that from satisfactory in living is the lowest.
3. Quality of life is at the level of moderate high. Among others, the quality of life from social aspect is the highest, while that from physiological aspect is the lowest.
B. Personal background as a factor in Life stress
1. Significant differences in Life stress are found for male adults of different ages, in which the overall Life stress of male adults of ages 20-29 is significantly higher than those of 40-49 and 50-59.
2. Significant differences in Life stress are found for male adults of different education levels, in which the overall Life stress of male adults of education level of high school is significantly higher than those of graduate institutes.
3. Significant differences in Life stress are found for male adults of different personal incomings, in which the overall Life stress of male adults of personal incomings below 17,880 is significantly higher than those of 22,801-31,800, 31,801-38,200, and 38,201-48,000.
C. Personal background as a factor in well-being
1. Significant differences are found in Well-being for different ages. The overall Well-being of the group of ages 50-59 is significantly higher than those of 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49.
2. Significant differences are found in Well-being for different education levels. The overall Well-being of the group of the education level of vocational school, colleges, and institutes is significantly higher than those of senior high school.
3. Significant differences are found in Well-being for different personal incomings. The overall Well-being of the group of personal incoming greater than 48,001 is significantly higher than those of 17,881-22,800.
D. Personal background as a factor in quality of life
1. Significant differences are found in quality of life for different ages. The overall quality of life of the group of ages 50-59 is significantly higher than those of 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49. The overall quality of life of the group of ages greater than 60 is significantly higher than those of 20-29 and 30-39.
2. Significant differences are found in quality of life for different marital statuses. The overall quality of life of married is significantly higher than unmarried and others, including common-law marriage, separation, divorce, widows or widowers, and remarriage.
3. Significant differences are found in quality of life for different personal incomings. The overall quality of life of the group of personal incoming greater than 48,001 is significantly higher than those of 32,801-38,200.
E. The correlation between life stress and quality of life
There is a moderate and negative correlation between overall Life stress and overall quality of life, indicating that the higher overall Life stress, the lower overall quality of life.
F. The correlation between well-being and quality of life
There is a strong and positive correlation between overall Well-being and overall quality of life, indicating that the higher overall Well-being, the higher overall quality of life.
G. The correlation between life stress and well-being
There is a moderate and negative correlation between overall Life stress and overall Well-being, indicating that the higher overall Life stress, the lower overall Well-being.
H. Significance of personal background and life stress in quality of life
The factors of ages 30-39, 40-49, married, personal incoming of 17,881-22,880, 22,881-31,800, and overall Life stress have significant effects on overall quality of life. These seven factors can be used to predict 60% variability of overall quality of life of the samples.
I. Significance of personal background and well-being in quality of life
The factors of ages 30-39, married, unmarried, personal incoming of 17,881-22,880, 22,881-31,800, 31,881-38,200 and overall Well-being have significant effects on overall quality of life. These seven factors can be used to predict 76% variability of overall quality of life of the samples.
J. Significance of personal background and life stress in quality of life
The factors of ages 30-39, 40-39, married, unmarried, personal incoming 17,881-22,880, overall Life stress, and overall Well-being have significant effects on overall quality of life. These seven factors can be used to predict 78% variability of overall quality of life of the samples.
Based on the above-mentioned findings, it is suggested that male adults should pay more attention to the growth of their personal spirit, reduce the wish on materials, keep regular exercise, have proper leisure activity, and manage personal finance vigorously, to reduce the impacts from environment. It is important to strength positive philosophy, have regular work and rest, improve sleep quality, and manage time well to keep health state. Trying to converse with others to express negative emotion, and learning to face difficulties with positive altitude are also important. Furthermore, business and institutions should provide pressure test regularly, arrange emotion and pressure management courses for employees and offer rooms for relaxation, to increase pressure resistance. Unimpeded promotion pipeline and rational incoming, and interior growing-up are useful for improving the Well-being of employees. Arrangement of a space for exercise is helpful for increasing working efficiency. Finally, department of mental hygiene in government should offer lecture courses for healthy body and mind. Department of environment protection should advise the exhaustibility of natural sources of energy and the importance of protecting our living environment. |
