| 摘要: | 中文摘要
本研究在探討臺北市國中生一至三年級學生之「個人背景因素」、「父母教養方式」及「身心健康」的現況，並分析不同「個人背景因素」的受試者在「父母教養方式」與「身心健康」上的差異情形，及受試者之「父母教養方式」與「身心健康」之相關性。本研究採用問卷調查法，並以分層叢集取樣為抽樣方式，共抽取6所學校，正式施測施測時間為2012年2月，樣本人數為600份，實得有效樣本為501份，問卷回收率達83.5%。研究工具包括「個人背景資料表」7題、「雙親教養態度量表」25題、與「一般身心健康量表」28題，共60題。結果分別以敘述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後檢定法、皮爾森積差相關及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。
本研究旨在探討臺北市國中生身心健康與父母管教方式，研究結果。
一、背景資料以整體而言，受訪者的性別「女生」259人（51.7%），「男生」有242人（48.3%）；受訪者在年級方面「國三(九年級)」164人（32.7%）、「國二(八年級)」181人（36.1%），及「國一(七年級)」156人（31.1%）。年齡分布在12-16歲，平均年齡為14.09歲；學校區域以「臺北市北區」170人（33.9%）與「臺北市南區」168人（33.5%）人數最多；家庭型態以「雙親家庭」佔大多數，計406人（81%）；家庭社經地位以「高社經地位」最多，計216人（43.1%）。
二、臺北市國中生的父母教養方式，在關懷與保護之下，是以關懷的（M = 35.32）分數最高，表示父母是非常關心孩子的。
三、臺北市國中生身心健康「整體身心健康」（M = 2.47），以「社會功能障礙」（M = 2.65）問題為最多，依序為「焦慮和失眠」（M = 2 .59）、「生理狀況」（M = 2.46）、及「嚴重憂鬱」（M = 2.16）。
四、臺北市國中生在父母教養方式家庭型態方面，隔代家庭（M = 2.43）顯著高於雙親家庭（M = 2.07）及單親家庭（M = 2.00），此結果顯示，隔代家庭比雙親家庭與單親家庭的照顧者較為過度保護。在臺北市國中生身心健康性別，以生理狀況、焦慮和失眠、社會功能障礙、嚴重憂鬱與整體身心健康，女生的（M = 2.60, 2.76, 2.81, 2.28, 2.61）顯著高於男生的（M = 2.32, 2.41, 2.47, 2.04, 2.31），因此，女生身心健康狀況較男生差；在家庭型態方面，以生理狀況、焦慮和失眠、社會功能障礙及整體身心健康方面，在單親家庭（M = 2.94, 2.97, 2.99, 2.82）顯著高於雙親家庭（M = 2.38, 2.52, 2.59, 2.40），故，單親家庭身心健康狀況較雙親家庭不佳。
依據本研究根據其結論所提出之建議，說明如下。
一、給家庭教育的建議，父母應維持家庭的溫馨與和樂；並選擇適當的教養方式，並與青少年建立良好的溝通橋梁；加強國中女生身心健康的照顧，父母需給予更多的情感上的連結與照顧。
二、給學校輔導的建議，老師應教導學生如何釋放壓力，學校輔導室應安排適當的課程教導及團體活動，使國中生達到身心平衡；關懷單親家庭，單親家庭的孩子需要學校老師的關懷，透過學校輔導室幫忙，使單親家庭得到更多的照顧與協助。
三、給社會教育的建議，各種傳播媒體的教導，透過電視、廣播、廣告、網路等不同媒體的報導，加強宣導父母教養方式對子女身心健康的影響；充實自我學習機會，透過社區課程訓練、圖書館搜集資訊、參加文化中心展覽等。
The purpose of the research is to understand the current situation of
personal background, perceived parenting styles, and physical and mental
health among Taipei junior high school students between 7th and 9th
grades. The researcher analyzes the differences of perceived parenting
styles and physical and mental health among different personal background
and also examines the correlation between perceived parenting styles and
physical and mental health of subjects. The research used survey method
and stratified cluster sampling procedure to select six schools in Taipei. The
survey was conducted in February, 2012. There were 600 students
participated in the study and the valid sample was 501, with a response rate
of 83.5%. The items in the questionnaire includes personal background
information (7 items), perceived parenting styles (25 items), and general
health scale (28 items), with a total of 60 questions. Results were analyzed
by descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA,
Scheffé post hoc test method, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.
The following statements summarize the research results.
1. For overall background information, 259 participants were female
(51.7%), 242 participants were male (48.3%). 164 participants were in
the 9th grade (32.7%), 181 in the 8th grade (36.1%), and 156 in the 7th
grade (31.1%). Age ranged between 12 to 16 years with an average age
of 14.09. 170 participants resided in Northern Taipei City (33.9%) and
168 participants resided in Southern Taipei City (33.5%). The majority
of the participants lived with their parents (81%) and their family was at
high SES (43.1%).
2. For the perceived parenting styles among students in Taipei junior high
schools, the majority responded that the highest scores between care and
protective is care (M = 35.32). This result indicates that pavents care
about their childven very much.
3. The average score of physical and mental health of Taipei junior high
school students is 2.47, and among the four aspects, the majority
responded to have “social dysfunction (M = 2.65),” followed by “anxiety
and insomnia (M = 2.59),” “physiological conditions (M = 2.46),” and
“severe depression (M = 2.16).”
4. In the family type of parenting styles of Taipei junior high school
students, the number of skipped generation families (M = 2.43) were
significantly higher than two-parent families (M=2.07) and single-parent
families (M = 2.00). This result indicates that skipped generation
families might be more protective to their children than two-parent
families and single-parent families. As for physical and mental health of
Taipei junior high school students, including physical condition, anxiety
and insomnia, social dysfunction, severe depression and overall physical
and mental health, female’s condition (M = 2.60, 2.76, 2.81, 2.28, 2.61)
are significantly severe than male’s (M = 2.32, 2.41, 2.47, 2.04, 2.31).
Therefore, female students’ conditions are worse than male students’ in
terms of physical and mental health condition. As for family type, based
on physical condition, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and
overall physical and mental health, single-parent families scored (M =
2.94, 2.97, 2.99, 2.82) significantly higher than two-parent families (M =
2.38, 2.52, 2.59, 2.40). In other words, single-parent families’ conditions
are worse than two-parent families in terms of physical and mental
health condition.
Recommendation and suggestions are proposed based on the study which
are explained below.
1. Recommendations for family education: Parents are encouraged to keep
the family heart-warming and harmonious, choose an apporiate
parenting style, establish good communications with teenagers, and care
for teenage childrens’ physical and mental health especially the female.
Parents should provide more emotional bond and care.
2. Recommendations for school counseling: Teachers are encouraged to
teach students how to release pressure,related courses should be arranged
by school counselors, group activities should be organized to achieve
physical and mental balance for junior high school students.As for caring
for single-parent families, children from single-parent families need
rhore atlention from school teachers. Single-parent families would be
able to receive more care and assistance through the help from school
counselors.
3. Recommendations for social education: Education through various
media, strengthen advocating the effect of parenting style on children’s
physical and mental health through different media reports such as TV,
radio, advertising and internet etc.. Enrich self-learning opportunities
through community courses training, library data collection and
participation in cultural center exhibition. |
