| 摘要: | 摘 要
隨著國人生活水準提升，飲食型態改變，許多慢性疾病患者年齡逐漸年輕化。青少年是國家未來的希望，其身體健康與否，關係到國家未來的競爭力，因此青少年時期是否具備正確的營養知識和良好的飲食行為，顯得格外重要。有鑑於此，本研究透過所設計之問卷，以臺北市立建國高中與北一女中100學年度第1學期全體學生為研究母體，調查研究對象之營養知識、飲食行為、體型滿意度及飲食習慣現況，並探討研究對象個人背景因素與營養知識、飲食行為、體型滿意度的相關性和差異情形，以及對飲食行為的解釋力。研究以班級為單位，每年級隨機各抽兩個班，兩校共發出540份問卷，共取得有效問卷459份，有效回收率為85%。所得資料以SPSS ( Statistical Package for the Social Science ) 17.0 for Windows統計套裝軟體，進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數 (有達顯著值則進行雪費事後檢定)、皮爾遜積差相關、多元迴歸等問卷結果統計與分析。
研究結果顯示：
一、臺北市立建國高中與北一女中學生在營養知識與飲食行表現上傾向良好。
二、臺北市立建國高中與北一女中學生在營養知識中以基礎營養知識問題表現最
好，其次是高中生飲食問題，表現最差的是高中生的營養需求問題。
三、臺北市立建國高中與北一女中學生最主要的健康飲食資訊來源為父母和學校
課程。
四、體型認知上，男生較女生正確，女生有高估體型過胖之偏差現象。
五、不同「個人背景變項」之建國高中與北一女中學生在「飲食行為」上的差異
情形：
1.自覺身體健康狀況好的學生較自覺身體健康狀況尚可和差的學生飲食行為
正向。
2.認為保持適當體型愈重要的學生飲食行為表現愈好。
3.零用錢愈少的學生飲食行為愈佳。
4.有運動習慣的學生飲食行為表現較良好。
六、臺北市立建國高中與北一女中學生飲食行為中表現最好的是每天吃早餐的飲
食行為，表現較差的是每天選擇低脂或脫脂牛奶來代替全脂牛奶之飲食行為。
七、臺北市立建國高中與北一女中學生日常飲食習慣以三餐飲食習慣表現最好，
八成以上的學生會食用三餐，其次是食用蔬菜的飲食習慣，表現較差的是喝
脫脂牛奶的飲食習慣，而每天喝牛奶的飲食習慣男生較女生佳。
八、營養知識與飲食行為達顯著之低度正相關。意味著，建國高中與北一女中學
生營養知識愈正確，飲食行為表現愈佳。
九、「家庭經濟地位」非中等且「自覺身體健康狀況」愈好，並認為「保持適當體
型」愈重要，而「每週零用錢」愈少及「有運動習慣」的建國高中與北一女
中學生，飲食行為表現愈正向。
根據上述研究結果，本研究分別針對其他地區資優學生及一般高中生、父母親、老師和學校、相關教育單位及後續研究者提出建議：高中生應對自身的營養需求問題和飲食問題，多涉獵和瞭解，養成注意食物成分及熱量標示的好習慣。父母親應以身作則，傳達正確的營養知識和觀念，給予適當的零用錢，時常關心注意孩子的飲食行為。老師教學內容應融入高中生營養需求和飲食問題，強化學生應有之正確營養知識和觀念。學校則應從校園飲食環境做起，營造健康飲食環境，配合校、內外所舉辦的各項活動，加強宣導。相關教育單位應重視營養教育的推動，投入師資的培訓工作，如果能夠落實本研究提出的建議，一定能夠使高中學生有更健康的身體，在體能與學業方面有更好的表現。
關鍵字：營養知識、飲食行為、飲食習慣、自覺身體健康狀況、保持適當體型、
零用錢
Abstract
With a rise in the standard of living and a change in the dietary patterns, it is evident that a tendency in the age groups has been younger and younger among a large number of patients with chronic diseases. A nations’ future development of competitiveness is perceived to be in strong relation to how healthy the youth can be due to their role as a nation’s hope for the future. Developing such competitiveness lies in the effect of obtaining accurate knowledge of nutrition and keeping well-behaved dietary patterns in adolescence.
Under this premise, this study conducted a survey on the nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and dietary patterns. The purpose of this study was to explore two issues of concerns: 1) the relationship and variations of subjects’ personal background and these three dependant variables; 2) research participants’ interpretation capability for their dietary behavior. The research instruments included two sets of questionnaire: a “Dietary Behavior” questionnaire in a five-Likert scale and a “Nutrition Knowledge” questionnaire in open-ended essay form. The questionnaire participants were recruited from all registered students studying the first semester of the 100th academic year at two public high schools in Taipei—Taipei Municipal Jianguo High School and Taipei First Girls’ High School. Using a random sampling technique, the sample size was selected—one class as a unit of sampling—from two classes in each grade (first-year, second-year and final-year) in both recruited high schools. A total of 540 copies of questionnaire were distributed to the research participants of this study, with 459 valid copies received (the validity of response rate was 85%). By running the statistical package for the social science (SPSS version 17.0), the collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Person correlation, multiple regression.
The following is a list of eleven findings of this study.
1.Both groups (male student group and female student group) were found to have
better nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior.
2.In the ‘Nutrition Knowledge’ questionnaire, the ranking of research
participants’ response performance referred to issues on essential nutrition
knowledge (the best), high school students’ diet (second best) and the
nutritional needs of high school students (the worst).
3.Research participants’ major source of healthy diet came from their parents
and the modules on health education they learned at school.
4.With regard to the perceptions of body image, male students were found to
have better understanding than female students, who had bias on
overestimation of body outlaws.
5.There were significant differences in self-awareness of physical health
status, the importance of adequate body size maintenance, the amount of
allowance expenditure, exercise habits in relation to dietary behavior. Compared with students with either a fair or a poor sense of self-awareness of physical health status, the study found that students tended to behave more positive in their diet styles when they had 1) better self-awareness of physical health status, 2) more enthusiasm for the significance of adequate body size maintenance, 3) less allowance expenditure and 4) more frequent exercise. However, there was no significant difference between other background variables and diet behavior .
6.In the ‘Diet Behavior’ questionnaire, the best diet behavior referred to
the frequency of having breakfast on a daily basis; whereas, poorer diet
behavior were that of selecting low-fat or semi-fat milk as the substitute
for whole milk.
7.In terms of research participants’ daily dietary behavior, they behaved the
best in the three meals they had every day. The study indicated that more
than students participated in this research would have three meals a day and
that they would eat vegetables. The worse dietary behavior referred to the
drinking of semi-fat milk—male students who made it a rule to drink milk on
a daily basis had better diet behavior than female students.
8.There was a low positive correlation between nutrition knowledge and dietary
behavior.
9.The valid attributes for the interpretation on dietary behavior included five
variables, i.e. family economic status, self-awareness of physical health
status, the amount of allowance expenditure and exercise habits..
Based on the aforementioned findings, the study attempted to propose the following recommendations to gifted students in other regions of Taiwan, general high school students, parents, teachers, schools, educational authority figures (i.e. education policy-makers) and researchers who may conduct follow-up research projects. The following is a list of recommendations for further research.
1)High school students are suggested to be widely-expose themselves to obtain an understanding of issues such as self needs for nutrition and diet problems, through which they may be encouraged to cultivate a good sense of food composition and calorie index.
2)Parents are recommended to set themselves as role models to deliver correct concepts and knowledge of nutrition, manage to provide appropriate amount of allowance and care for teenagers’ dietary behavior more often.
3)Teachers are advised to incorporate issues such as high school students’ nutrition needs and diet problems into their teaching materials so as to fortify students with a good knowledge of nutrition.
4)Schools are recommended to create a healthy-diet environment with a start from on-campus diet; meanwhile, propagate the idea of ‘healthy-diet campus’ throughout a range of both internal and external school events.
5)Educational authority figures are recommended to place a great emphasis on the propagation of nutrition education and to make more investment in the teacher training courses in this regard.
6)Follow-up researchers are advised to expand the sample size and make a comparison with the current study. With regard to background variables, the overall findings of the current study will may reach a more perfect state if the effects of parents’ and peers’ dietary behavior are added. It is foreseeable that high school students will have healthier body and perform better in both physical and academic aspects at school once prospective researchers are able to firmly realize the proposals of this study.
Keywords: nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior, dietary patterns, self-awareness of perceived physical health status, adequate body size maintenance, allowance |
