| 摘要: | 馬來半島具備著地域、民族、歷史文化等獨特的因素，造就了馬來西亞佛教特有的性質。佛教不僅是馬來西亞華人重要的宗教信仰之一，也是整個馬來西亞文化不可或缺的一部分，對於馬來西亞的文化發展，貢獻甚大。
馬來西亞佛教的發展可以粗分為印度佛教時期和漢傳佛教時期，印度佛教始於西元前四世紀直到十六世紀左右，即所謂的馬來西亞「印度化時期」。漢傳佛教約從十九至二十世紀由中國東南沿海傳入。
西元十六世紀之前，馬來半島的佛教信仰一直居主流地位，直到佛教信仰的狼牙修王朝的沒落和伊斯蘭教信仰的馬六甲王朝的興起，加上穆斯林商業經濟等因素，馬來半島的宗教逐漸為伊斯蘭教所取代，而這情況也發生在馬來群島的各個地區上。
十九世紀始，因中國佛教的傳入，馬來半島的佛教再度復活，其中福建福州地區的佛教扮演著極為重要的角色。本論文則以福州佛教寺院的法脈為基礎，透過極樂寺、雙慶竹林禪寺、車水路觀音寺、洪福寺、東蓮小筑、圓通寺、八打靈觀音亭等寺院，來探討近代馬來西亞的佛教發展，尤其特重福州佛教和馬來西亞佛教之間的關係。
本論文計分六章，除緒論和結論之外，首先討論福建佛教的源流及福州地區的重要寺院，其次討論馬來西亞佛教發展的概況，最後深入檳城、霹靂、雪蘭莪和吉隆坡的佛寺道場，從僧侶的生平、寺院的建築風格、寺院的法會活動，探討其弘法的大要。
Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) possesses unique elements, such as region, nation, history and culture, which forms a special characteristics of Malaysia Buddhism. Buddhism is not only the one of most important religious to Malaysia Chinese, but also an indispensably part of Malaysia culture. To the culture development of Malaysia, it made a great contribution.
The development of Malaysia Buddhism can briefly be categorized into the period of Indian Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism. The Indian Buddhism starts from the 4th century BC to the approximately 16th century; it is so called “the period of Indian Malaysia”. As for the Chinese Buddhism, it starts from the 19th century to the 20th century, which was transmitted from the southeastern coast of China.
Before the 16th century, the belief of Buddhism is always situated in mainstream. It was not until the decline of Kingdom of Langkasuka and the rise of Islam belief and the Sultanate of Malacc, and due to the growing of Muslim business, that he religious of Malay Peninsula was gradually replaced by Islamism. The same situations also occurred in other areas of Malay Archipelago.
It was not until the early 19th century, that the Chinese Buddhism was transmitted to the Malay Peninsula which made Buddhism revived again, among which the Buddhism of Fujian Fuzhou played a most important role in this revival. Therefore, the paper is going to base on the dharma of Fujian Fuzhou. By looking through the temples such as Kek Lok Si, Shuang Qing Zhu Lin Si, Kuan Imm See Temple, Ang Hock Si, Tong Lian Siao Chu, Yuen Tong Chee and Petaling Jaya Kwan Inn Teng, to discuss the recent Buddhism development of Malaysia, with special focus on the relationship between Fuzhou Buddhism and Malaysia Buddhism.
There are six chapters in this paper, besides introduction and conclusion, the first part is going to discuss on the origin of Fujian Buddhism and the important temples of Fuzhou. After that, the focus is switched on to the developing situations of Malaysia Buddhism. Finally, the temples of Penang, Perak and Selangor Kuala Lumpur will be looked at, from the lives of monks, architectural styles and dharma activities, to explore the meaning of dharma teaching. |
