「禮」的思想之研究－－以《禮記》為中心

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Title:	「禮」的思想之研究－－以《禮記》為中心
Authors:	洪文郎
Contributors:	中國文學系
Keywords:	禮 rites 《禮記》 the book of rites 系統 system
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2012-10-09 11:20:21 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	「禮」是尋求存在於各種不同對象之間最適切的對待關係。它既是一套曾經存在於現實之中的制度，又是一種極富理想性的構想；這種兩極性，同樣也存在於記載種種禮制與理想的典籍之中。《禮記》一書是古代記錄論禮篇章的彙編，相對於《儀禮》重在記錄儀式的節文，《禮記》則重在發明禮之義，而不只是禮之「數」的儀式節文。講禮重在求取節文背後的禮意，而能因時制宜；《禮記》一書的重要性，由此可見。　　由《禮記》的編輯過程來看，它是編輯者以「禮」為主題編輯而成的一部書，呈現了編輯者對禮的看法；而另一方面，讀者也可以用自己的方式來理解、接近它的意義。這種兩面性，呈現了《禮記》一書在意義上的封閉性與開放性，亦即對讀者參與的拒絕與接受。傳統經學教育的重點在學習為人處事，藉由經典教育的內容來形塑一個人、完成一個健全的人；因此，書本意義對讀者而言，是一種立身處世的架構、方針，重在人如何以自己的學養在經學教育中，經由循序漸進的教育過程，培養出一套能對所處的社會有所回應、有所回饋的方式。所以，讀者本身便要能夠在書本知識與身處的環境之間做出調整、回應，形成自身對知識和世界的系統性的看法，來面對所處的環境。　　對「禮」尋求一個「系統性」的研究，便是本文研究的主題。這種研究即是要經由經典對讀者參與、開放的一面，來理解、接近它的意義，對「禮」的原理，及其所建構的體系提出一個說明。闡明在「系統」的意義之下，由「禮」所建構的體系，它的「整體」和「部分」，及其與外界之間的互動模式；並說明它如何在一個開放系統之中，構想一個平衡與穩定的關係，而能在現實的政治與社會之中，發揮實際的效用，也對未來，提出一個可能的理想。　　”Rites” is the most appropriate action to be taken when one interacts with different subjects. As an idealistic construct that exists in real life, the extremities of rites can be found documented in books on rites and ideologies. The Book of Rites, is a compilation of ancient Chinese rites. Compared to “Yi Li”, which emphasized on the documentation of rite ceremonies, “the Book of Rites ” focused on defining rites and not its complexities. The essence of “rites” is in fact a courteous intention as indicated by the book which can be applied to suit various occasions, thus making the Book of Rites one of the most important books on defining the meaning of rite. 　　Based on the Book of Rites’s process of compilation, one can see that it is a book which focused on “rites” with the editor’s own ideas incorporated. On the other hand, readers may interpret and try to understand what “rites” mean based on own understandings. These two aspects are representations of the Book of Rites’s closeness and openness in terms of meaning of rites as well as the book’s acceptance and rejection of reader participation. Traditional Chinese Classical studies focused on the learning of how to be a decent human being while handling things in the most proper way. Through Classical Studies, one is molded into a person with a right state of mind. Thus for the readers, Yi Li is a construct as well as a guiding principle on how to handle things appropriately by enhanced self-cultivation via gradual acceptance and practice of Classical teachings so one can reciprocate and respond to the society. For this reason, as long as the reader is able to adjust and respond to the book and his/her surroundings, he/she can form his/her own systematic thinking on knowledge and the world when faced with different situations. 　　This study aims to format a systematic investigation on “rites”. By utilizing the openness of Classical Studies toward reader participation, this study attempts to interpret and understand the meaning of “rites” by defining the principles of “rites” as well as the system constructed based on such principle. This study will then attempt to clarify how parts and the entire rite system interacts with its surroundings and illustrate how an open rite system help to create a balanced and stable relationship and in return put itself into use in real-life politics and society with possible ideologies proposed for the future.
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