| 摘要: | 前蘇聯解體後，新興的中亞五國頓失宗主國之疪蔭，在各自發展路途上並不順遂，其面臨著內在和外來多重嚴峻的挑戰。在內部問題上，不論是黨派與世俗政府的對抗問題、經濟上先天結構不完整、社會發展上毒品氾濫問題、民族上複雜的衝突和宗教上的極端伊斯蘭建國主義問題，中亞五國都面臨著歷史遺留下來，不易解決的結構性難題。在外來挑戰上，由地緣政治和權力政治的觀點觀之，蘇聯瓦解代表著俄羅斯勢力的衰退，造成了此一區域的權力真空狀態。而此區域豐富的能源和優越的地緣位置，更成為強權爭奪此一區域的重要誘因。中亞從其獨立那一刻起，就因其獨特的地緣政治地位、重要的能源經濟價值和敏感的宗教文化特徵，註定成為世界強權競逐全球戰略利益的重要一環。
911恐怖攻擊事件後，美國藉由全球反恐行動、攻打阿富汗之便開始與中亞諸國發展緊密的合作關係，確保本身的影響力與控制力，俾有助於圍堵中共，因此，在倡導和諧世界觀與推行睦鄰外交兩者的影響下，中亞地區成為中共關注的重要地區之一，成立「上海合作組織」以加強與中亞諸國的合作關係，進行政治、安全、經貿以及能源等多方面的合作，一方面有助於促進該地區和平與穩定與維護中共的國家利益 ; 另一方面則有助於突破美國的戰略圍堵。
中共做為新崛起的世界強權，當然也注視到中亞此一地區的重大利益。想要瞭解中共在中亞的地緣戰略與外交作為，必須先瞭解中亞在地緣政治上的地位與重要性；其次要瞭解中共如何根據中亞的地緣政治因素和中共本身的地緣戰略來決定其中亞政策。不同的戰略思維將大大的影響中共之外交作為。
本文將透過現實主義觀點和地緣戰略途徑來研究中共在中亞的利益所在。若能瞭解一國的國家利益所在，即應可約略預測出該國的外交政策行為和隱藏在其中的實際企圖，繼而驗證中共利用何種作為來保護和滿足這些利益。
關鍵詞：中亞地區、國家利益、新安全觀、地緣戰略、上海合作組織
Keywords : Central Asia，National Interest，New security Concept，Geo-Strategic
Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Research on the Geostrategy of the People’s Republic of China
in Central Asia Under the New Security Concept
Abstract
After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the five newly emerged Central Asian countries lost the protection of their home countries and were faced with serious obstacles from within and without on their way of development. In terms of its domestic problems, the five Central Asian nations face the historical legacy of structural problems that are uneasy to solve: the confrontation between the political parties and the secular government, the incomplete economic structure by nature, as well as the issue of drug abuse, and the complex ethnic and religious conflicts involved in the nation building doctrine of radical Islam. In terms of the external challenges, from the geopolitical point of view and the view of power politics, the collapse of the Soviet Union represents the decline of the Russian forces, which results in a power vacuum in this area. Its rich energy and superior geopolitical position may attract big power competition for this area. From the day of its independence, Central Asia, with its unique geopolitical position, its energy of high economic value, its sensitive religious and cultural characteristics, is destined to become a region targeted by the world’s great powers for its global strategic interests.
After the September 11 terrorist attacks, by attacking Afghanistan in the name of global action against terrorism, the United States took the opportunity to strengthen close working relationships with Central Asian countries to ensure its influence and control in the region and to contribute to the containment of Communist China. Under the influence of advocating a view of a harmonious world and implementing the Good Neighbor Policy, Central Asia has become one of the major concerns of China, where Shanghai Cooperation Organization was established to strengthen the partnership with the Central Asian countries, especially in the aspects of politics, security, trade, and energy. On the one hand, the organization aims to promote regional peace and stability and maintain the Communist Chinese Party’s national interests; on the other hand, the organization helps to have a breakthrough in countering the U.S. containment strategy.
Of course, Communist China, as a new world power, has also noted the significant regional interests in Central Asia. To understand the geostrategic and diplomatic acts of China in Central Asia, we must first know the geopolitics of Central Asia in terms of its status and importance. Second, we must understand how Communist China decide on their Central Asia policies according to Central Asia’s geopolitical factor and their own geostrategies. Different strategic thinking will have a great influence on the Communist Chinese Party’s diplomacy.
This paper aims to study the Chinese interests in Central Asia from realism and a geostrategic approach. It is believed that an understanding of a country’s national interests may help us predict the country’s foreign policy behavior and its implicit but actual attempt as well as verify the acts used by Communist China to protect and meet their interests. |
