| 摘要: | 豬群生產力為豬場經營成功之關鍵，在傳統的育種方法之外，現代生物科技的加入快速地提昇了豬群的生產力。這些技術主要分成兩類：生殖技術及分子生物技術。本文的目的在探討較為重要的生殖技術及分子生物技術，及其在豬群生產力改進之應用與可能造成的影響。這些技術並非都是全新的，早在50年代末期豬隻生產即開始應用人工授精，對豬隻性能的遺傳改進帶來重大的衝擊，是最早被使用的生殖技術。今天發情同期化、排卵同期化、超級排卵、胚移置、胚冷凍技術、體外生產、核轉殖、性別控制等生殖技術，都已付諸實現。這些技術應用於核心種豬群，可縮短世代間距，增加選拔正確度與選拔強度。對於低遺傳率性狀，如母豬生產力，可加速遺傳改進速率。分子生物技術主要包括基因定位、基因連鎖圖譜、物理圖譜、數量性狀基因座與標誌基因輔助選拔等，亦都相繼應用於豬隻育種，或在進一步的發展中。結合生殖技術與分子生物技術來輔助傳統育種與選拔的方法，為現今世界的趨勢，今後新技術的發展將提供更多的資訊，以加速豬群生產力改進的速度。
Sow productivity is the key to a successful pig enterprise, and integration of modern biotechnologies into pig breeding programs is required in order to improve the pig herd productivity. These biotechnologies fall generally into two categories: reproductive technologies and molecular biotechnologies. Objectives of this paper were to present the important modern biotechnologies, which applied in swine breeding, and its effects on the improvement of sow productivity. Not all this biotechnologies is new. Artificial insemination was introduced in pigs in the late fifties, in which is the first reproductive technology, and had a major impact on rate of genetic improvement in economic traits of pigs. Nowadays, reproductive technologies such as estrus synchronization, synchronization of ovulation, super ovulation, embryo transfer, cryopreservation of oocytes and embryo, in vitro production, nuclear transfer, and sexing control have been used in animal breeding. Applying these technologies in nuclear herds reduces generation interval and increases selection intensity, for low habitability traits such as sow productivity, is therefore, can increase its rate of genetic improvement. Molecular biotechnologies on the other hand, includes gene mapping, genetic linkage map, physical map, quantitative trait loci, and marker assisted selection are already applied in animal breeding or are further developed. Combination of reproductive technologies and molecular biotechnologies to assist traditional selection methods is the strategy of modern pig breeding programs. More genetic information will be provided as the development of new technologies, and thus to increase the rate of genetic improvement of sow productivity. |
