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    题名: The biology and dynamics of mammalian cortical granules
    作者: Liu, Min
    贡献者: 生命科學系
    关键词: IN-VITRO
    SEA-URCHIN EGGS
    HUMAN FOLLICULAR OOCYTES
    PROTEIN-KINASE-C
    PLASMA-MEMBRANE BLOCK
    CELL-CYCLE ACTIVATION
    TREATED MOUSE EGGS
    ZONA-PELLUCIDA
    MEIOTIC MATURATION
    EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX
    日期: 2011-11-17
    上传时间: 2012-09-04 13:27:08 (UTC+8)
    摘要: Cortical granules are membrane bound organelles located in the cortex of unfertilized oocytes. Following fertilization, cortical granules undergo exocytosis to release their contents into the perivitelline space. This secretory process, which is calcium dependent and SNARE protein-mediated pathway, is known as the cortical reaction. After exocytosis, the released cortical granule proteins are responsible for blocking polyspermy by modifying the oocytes' extracellular matrices, such as the zona pellucida in mammals. Mammalian cortical granules range in size from 0.2 um to 0.6 um in diameter and different from most other regulatory secretory organelles in that they are not renewed once released. These granules are only synthesized in female germ cells and transform an egg upon sperm entry; therefore, this unique cellular structure has inherent interest for our understanding of the biology of fertilization. Cortical granules are long thought to be static and awaiting in the cortex of unfertilized oocytes to be stimulated undergoing exocytosis upon gamete fusion. Not till recently, the dynamic nature of cortical granules is appreciated and understood. The latest studies of mammalian cortical granules document that this organelle is not only biochemically heterogeneous, but also displays complex distribution during oocyte development. Interestingly, some cortical granules undergo exocytosis prior to fertilization; and a number of granule components function beyond the time of fertilization in regulating embryonic cleavage and preimplantation development, demonstrating their functional significance in fertilization as well as early embryonic development. The following review will present studies that investigate the biology of cortical granules and will also discuss new findings that uncover the dynamic aspect of this organelle in mammals.
    關聯: Source: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY Volume: 9 Article Number: 149
    显示于类别:[生命科學系] 期刊論文

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