| 摘要: | 本研究主要目的在瞭解基隆市身心障礙者實際的生活狀況、與其在各種福利措施上的使用現況及滿意程度，並藉此調查結果提出規劃各項福利事業，以提供身心障礙者更專業與周全的服務。本研究採用問卷調查方式，問卷內容包括：身心障礙者基本資料、居住狀況、個人與家庭經濟狀況、工作狀況、福利服務及醫療照顧需求等問題。調查對象爲設籍基隆市之身心障礙者763人；調查時間自91年2月1日至5月31日進行，有效回收問卷爲689份(90.3%)。本研究結果如下：
一、基本資料：
1.身心障礙人口男性與女性比率爲52.4%、47.6%；不識字、國小、國中以下教育程度者佔74.8%；婚姻狀況中，有配偶或同居者與未婚者兩選項均各佔四成，離婚或分居者約佔兩成。2.障礙類別以多重障礙者、重要器官失去功能、肢體障礙分別位居前三位。3.身心障礙等級以重度較多；因疾病致障者佔55.4%，先天因素佔26.2%。
二、身心障礙者之居住狀況：
1.居住於自宅的身心障礙者佔90.7%，其中半數可以獨立自我照顧；居住於公立教養、養護機構者佔9.3%，居住類型以安養院（所）、護理之家爲最多。2.居住於公立教養、養護機構者，家人探望之頻率最高者爲每週一、二次，約佔有四成之比例。被探望次數頻率較高者，以肢體障礙與多重障礙類別爲主。居住機構之時間，以一～三年者佔六成。逾七成以上選擇居住機構的理由爲家人無法照顧。每月之費用以25,000元所佔之比例(23.5%)最高，且費用皆自行負擔。
三、家庭及經濟情況：
1.居住於自宅的身心障礙者，以與子女（含媳婦）、配偶同住者爲多。在家人照顧之主要照顧者，以父母照顧者(45.8%)最多，其次爲由配偶照顧者(27.1%)。2.家庭每月開銷金額以20,000~29,999元最多。而每月收支平衡者佔56.0%，入不敷出者佔40.9%。3.經濟收入主要仰賴兒子與媳婦者比例最高，約佔三成，來自於本人者僅佔11.6%。
四、生活與福利服務需求：
1.領取居家生活補助的身心障礙者佔57.0%，領取金額以3000元者佔83.1%。2.近四成居住於自宅的身心障礙者最近一個月外出的理由是爲了就醫，外出時仰賴親友開車或騎車接送爲最多佔28.5%，使用公共交通工具者佔29.3%、坐計程車者佔16.9%。
五、對政府之相關施政措施與建議：在社會福利服務方面，身心障礙者認爲政府應優先辦理的生活福利措施爲：生活補助，第二優先者爲老年安養，第三順位者爲建立國民年金制度。
The study is to explore the disabled real life situations and their satisfaction about the promotion of the social welfare policy. Its results will be used to propose planning each welfare project that leads to a more professional and better service. The approach of this study is use the questionnaire which including the disabled' basic data, personal and family financial situation, job situation, welfare service and medical care demand. The investigation objects were the 763 disabled who inhabits in Keelung. The investigation time was from February 1 to May 31 in 2002. There were 689 effective questionnaires (90.3%). The results are as follows:
Ⅰ. Basic data:
1. Among the disabled, 52.4% were male and 47.61% were female. The percentage of the education level including the illiterate, elementary school graduates and junior high school graduates is 74.8%. The marital status 40% of the married, 40% of the single, and 20% of the divorced or separated. 2. The classification of the disabled belongs to the multi-functional disability, major organ disability and the handicapped at most. The majority of the disabled belongs to the severe, partly caused by diseases and partly by heredity.
Ⅱ. The living condition of the disabled:
1. 90.7% of the disabled has their own house. More than 50% of them have the ability of taking care of themselves. There are 9.3 % of them living in the public nursery. 2. Those living in the public nursery have visitors from their families, once or twice a week, roughly 40% of the disabled. The handicapped and multi-functional disabled get the most visiting. The time living in the public nursery is one to three years, roughly 60% of the disabled. More than 70% of the disabled choose to live in the public nursery is because their families can not take care of them. There monthly expense (paid by themself) is 25,000 NT dollars, 23.5 % of the disabled and the highest percentage.
Ⅲ. Family and financial situation:
1. The disabled living in their own houses can be taken care of by their children, daughters-in-law or sprouts. There is 45.8% of the disabled taken care of by their parents and 27.1 % by their sprouts.
2. Their family financial expense is about 20,000 to 29,999 NT dollars at most. Those who can get even are 56% and those who can not make ends meet are 40.9%. 30% of the disabled gets financial support from their sons and daughters-in-law. There is only 11.6% of the disabled can afford by himself.
Ⅳ. Life and social welfare service demand:
1. Those who get governmental subsistence allowance is 57%, 3000 NT dollars per month (roughly 83.1% of them).
2. Almost 40% of the disabled go outside to get medical care in recent one month. The transportation tools they use could be car or motorcycle (28.5%), bus (29.3%) and taxi (16.9%).
Ⅴ. Suggestions to the government's related policies:
The social welfare services are the key points that our government can do for the disabled: subsistence allowance, the nursing system for the aged, and National pension system. |
