地標是社會意識集體反覆在地表上投射或建構的象徵複合體，它承載著人們對它的記憶、情感或認同；同時是社會結構、歷史情境各種勢力相頡頏的空間文化形式。地標的競相興建是一場「奪位」的爭戰，人們爲其個體及集體的特定社會空問找尋壯碩自己的保識，是一項自我認同和現實安全承諾的寄託標誌。它也是空間權力幾何學及收買視覺的政治現象學彰顯，它的插天高聳與其被壓服的其他空間呈現出空閒與社會相伴的主奴關係，例如紐約的摩天樓對美國人而言是高科技形象的展演，顯示鬥志高昂之天空線剪影；對另一群下階層的人們來說卻是殘酷宰制的支配性表徵。
奇觀來自於可對照的空間結構，以其當時社會的意識／視覺／物質的交相穿透及不可見力量的萃取演化而在平坦人爲之世界立起奇異、燦爛、震撼、崇高的身影，在不同社會、不同的時代、不同的情境下都有奇觀之凸顯其與相對照的世界體系同時分攤著這種教人敬畏、匍匐在地的的權力投影。
Landmark is a complexity constructed or reflected on the land surface by the collective social consciousness. It carries people's remembrance, emotion or identity, as well as the cultural form in spatial content pertaining to social structure and historical accidences. In a sense, the construction of the landmark represents the competition of the social space for individuals or collective groups in order to strengthen their identity and security, On the other hand, form the viewpoint of power structure, the landmark can be also in interpreted as the presence of the core-periphery relationship in spatial context. For example, to the average American the skyscrapers against New York skyline means the demonstration of the high technology, but, to the lower class of people, it is the representative of the dominance of superiority to inferiority.
Spectacle comes from the contrast of the spatial structure-rarity and luxury comparing with commonplace. Different spectacles can be demonstrated in different society and different periods of time, representing in some way the project of the aforementioned power structure.
