In Confessions, St Augustine argues that evil is from humanity and can only be cleansed by repenting and obeying God's will. He claims that we can be redeemed through God's word, regarding Christian doctrine as fundamental to human development. In contrast, Nietzsche rejects this notion of evil, claiming that the conception of evil based on Christian moral values is erroneous. He attacks Western traditional philosophical and religious ideology which is built upon Christian culture and morality. He asserts that we should live by relying on our affirmation of life. Contrary to Christianity which makes us suffer by inculcating the notion of original sin, Nietzsche stresses the need for self-reflexive interpretation that leads us to overcome the Christian conception of evil and redeem ourselves anew.
