| 摘要: | 在都市化發展的過程中，人類的活動經常會對於都市內與週邊的地景生態造成顯著的改變，因而影響人類生存所仰賴的生態系統的功能。由於都市是一個由人類與自然的雙重驅動力共同影響而形成的異質性的地景組合系統，因此地景生態的格局、過程與功能與都市發展的永續性是息息相關的。再者，在全球面對環境變遷的衝擊與挑戰之際，都市地景生態系統擁有的調適、減緩能力，對於提高都市系統在面對環境變遷的衝擊所擁有的回復能力高低，扮演了關鍵性的角色。為了增進景觀生態學應用在都市空間規劃與管理領域的能量，本研究以都市為研究焦點進行景觀生態異質性的理論探討與實證研究，建構整合性的概念模型以分析都市地景時空異質性與都市發展的關連性，並且探討都市地景異質性形成的作用力、空間分佈、時空變遷情形，以及都市地景異質性的變化對於都市發展永續性與回復力之影響。本研究對影響都市地景異質性的水文、生態與社會因素之外，加入能量使用的考量，以反映都市高度聚集與高強度的能源資源使用特性，藉此探討既有的景觀生態空間分析方法對於都市特性考量不足與可能的改進方法。在實證的研究方面，本研究以台北都會區為研究範圍，整合地景指數的空間分析與都市的能值分析兩種方法，進行都會區地景生態異質性之分析。研究團隊嘗試透過此研究來回應地景的空間異質性如何影響都市的永續性？既有的地景指數是否可以用來作為衡量都市永續性的指標？如何評估都市的規劃是否能促進都市的永續性或者建構都市生態系統回復能力？等關景觀生態學研究的社群所關切的問題。
Urbanization causes the changes of landscape pattern in urban and peri-urban areas. Landscape changes are usually the key drivers which affect the ecological service supporting the living of urban residents. Urban is a set of heterogeneous landscapes emerging from the interactions between human agents and natural processes. Therefore, urban areas are the most heterogeneous landscape and urban sustainability is highly depending on the patterns, processes, and functions of landscape ecological system. While urban landscape is increasingly consider relevant to urban sustainability, the capabilities of urban landscape to mitigate and adapt the impacts of global environmental changes also take an important role for urban resilience. To improve the understanding of the science and the capacities for landscape ecology contributing to urban spatial planning and management, this research focuses on the theoretical study and empirical investigations on the heterogeneity of urban landscape. An integrated conceptual framework is established to analyze the relationships between landscape heterogeneity and urban sustainability. In addition to hydrological, ecological, and social phenomena, we also consider the energy flows and metabolisms in urban areas to explain the heterogeneity of urban landscape. This research investigates the processes, spatial distributions and temporal patterns of urban landscapes and discusses how heterogeneity affects the ecosystem services, sustainability, and resilience of urban areas. We choose Taipei Metropolitan as the study area to test the effectiveness of the integrated methods of the landscape spatial analysis and the emergy analysis. We try to address the research questions: How does spatial heterogeneity of urban landscape affect sustainability? Are there landscape metrics can be used as urban sustainability indicators? How can landscape ecology help design sustainable and resilient urban landscape. |
