| 摘要: | 背景：增強式訓練是現行普遍，且有效的爆發力訓練方式之一。增強式訓練強度的方法應該要像重量訓練一樣能利用1RM來量化強度，因為強度的設定將會影響到整個訓練的設計與效果。現今針對增強式訓練卻沒有統一的量化標準，在關於增強式訓練的研究上，也並沒有依照不同受試者本身的能力給予不同強度的訓練負荷，因此其研究的可信度有待商討。複合式訓練與全身振動訓練是現今常見較新頴的訓練方式，然而研究顯示複合式訓練對下肢爆發力的表現無立即性的效益，而過去許多研究則顯示全身振動訓練皆對下肢爆發力的表現有立即性的助益，基於複合式訓練的概念，本研究結合增強式訓練及全身振動訓練的特徵，研發新式的複合式訓練，欲了解其對下肢爆發力表現的立即性影響。目的：【第一年】分析量化在增強式訓練動作過程中，離心階段與向心階段的生物力學參數，以及離地後跳躍的高度與離心時間、向心時間參數比值，檢驗在每次跳躍間是否有呈現良好的信度(reliability)，分別作為各增強式訓練量化評估強度之參考，並依此為各個受試者選擇適合之落地跳躍訓練跳台高度。【第二年】比較利用前一年選擇出之各個受試者適合落下跳躍訓練跳台高度與利用單一跳台高度（40公分）來當作訓練高度，在為期八週的落地跳躍訓練後，分析其訓練效果之差異。【第三年】分析並比較新式複合式訓練（增強式訓練+全身振動訓練）、傳統複合式訓練（增強式訓練+重量訓練）、單獨增強式訓練、單獨全身振動訓練對下肢爆發力表現的立即性影響之差異情形。方法：三年都將以20位排球運動員為受試者，【第一年】以高速攝影機和測力板擷取並計算出不同高台落下跳躍(30、40、50、60、70、80公分)、下蹲跳、單腳跳、蹲踞跳與抱膝跳的跳躍高度相對於著地期間離心、向心階段的時間的比值。利用單次與平均組內相關係數(intraclass correlations, ICC)來考驗在每次跳躍間是否有呈現良好的信度。【第二年】將受試者依能力用分層隨機分組法分為兩組，一組採用依照前一年為各個受試者選擇適合之落下跳躍訓練跳台高度，另一組採用單一跳台高度（40公分）來當作訓練高度，進行八週的增強式訓練，利用混合設計Two-wayANOVA考驗考驗訓練前測、後測與兩組之間在下蹲跳各項參數的差異。統計顯著水準皆定為α=.05。【第三年】所有受試者皆接受4種不同的訓練方式，分別為傳統複合式訓練、新式複合式訓練組、單獨增強式訓練、單獨全身振動訓練，接受每種不同的訓練方式均間隔24小時以上。訓練前、後檢測3次的下蹲跳，以了解不同訓練方式對下肢爆發力表現的立即性影響。訓練的強度方面，增強式訓練採用落地跳躍，以前兩年計畫之量化方法為依據選擇跳台高度，重量訓練以蹲舉60%1RM實施，全身振動訓練則以50Hz的頻率以及5mm的振幅實施。以重複量數Two-wayANOVA考驗受試者下蹲跳各項參數在前測、後測與不同訓練組合間的差異。統計顯著水準皆定為α=.05，當達到顯著水準時，利用 Bonferroni法進行事後比較。
Background: Plyometric training is one of the popular and efficient training methods for muscle power. Intensity is the most important factor for the training program. The intensity of resistance training can be measured by athlete’s one repetition maximum (1RM). However, the intensity of plyometric training cannot be quantified like the resistance training. Moreover, previous researchers did not standardize the intensity of plyometric training according to the characteristics and ability of subjects. The reliability of these researches might be controvertible. The complex training and whole-body vibration training are common training methods. Many researchers indicated that complex training may not have the acute effect on power whereas the whole-body vibration training has. Based on the concept of complex training, we use plyometric training combined with whole-body vibration training as a new complex training. In the present study, we will test its acute effect on power. Purposes: ”First year- Quantify the intensities of various plyometric training with biomechanical variables during eccentric and concentric movements and derive the ratio of measured jump height and eccentric and concentric time. Then test the reliability of the aforementioned variables and try to find the appropriate height for drop jump of each subject. Second year- Compare the training effect of drop jump from the appropriate height which is chosen following the result of the first year to the 40 cm drop jump. Third year- Compare the differences between the acute effect of new complex training, conventional complex training, plyometric training, and whole-body vibration training on power. Methods: Twenty college volley ball players serve as subjects. Motion analysis system and two force plates are utilized for data collection. First year- Twenty subjects perform 3 repetitions for each of 5 plyometric exercise including the drop jumps from six heights (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80cm), countermovement jump, single-leg jump, squat jump and tuck jump. The trial-to trial reliability are assessed for the ratio of jump height divided by the eccentric and concentric time for each plyometric exercise using both single and average measures intraclass correlations (ICC), respectively. Second year- The subjects are assigned to two groups using block randomized method according to subjects’jump ability. One group practices drop jump using the appropriate drop height of each subject which obtained from the results of the first year. Another group practices drop jump using 40 cm drop height. Three trials of countermovement jump (CMJ) are tested before and after training. The differences between groups and pre- and post-training.on CMJ biomechanical variables are compared using mix design two-way ANOVA (α=.05). Third year- All subject are required to practice the four different training methods which are conventional complex training, new complex training, plyometric training and whole-body vibration training. Three trials of countermovement jump are tested before and after training. Training intensity of plyometric training is based on the results of previous two-year projects that intended to quantify the intensity of plyometric training. Weight training is carried out by a 60% 1RM squat exercise. The whole-body vibration training utilizes a 50Hz frequency and 5mm amplitude as its intensity. The differences between groups and pre- and post-training.on CMJ biomechanical variables are compared using repeated measure two-way ANOVA (α=.05). Bonferroni method is used for post hoc. |
