| 摘要: | 摘 要
隨著國人與外籍人士通婚的普遍化，有愈來愈多的新移民家庭產生，其子女也逐漸進入國中階段，在青少年階段所受到的重要他人與同儕的對待方式，將對自我概念有深遠的影響。本研究主要探討新移民與一般生之國中生的父母管教方式與自我概念差異之現況與相關情形，採用問卷調查法及立意取樣方式，以臺北市公私立國中學生為研究對象，取得有效樣本共600份，包含一般生495份，新移民105份。研究工具包含「個人基本資料調查表」、「父母管教方式量表」及「自我概念量表」，並將所得資料以次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、強迫進入法多元迴歸進行分析。本研究結果如下：
一、一般生之國中生的父母管教方式總平均值（3.08）顯著高於理論中點，表示一般生之國中生的父母管教方式傾向於民主，且父母管教方式類型皆以「寬鬆放任」最多；而新移民之國中生的父母管教方式總平均值（2.89）低於理論中點，表示新移民之國中生的父母管教方式傾向較不民主，且父母管教方式類型皆以「寬鬆放任」最多。
二、一般生之國中生的自我概念總平均值（3.66）顯著高於理論中點，表示一般生之國中生的自我概念為正向、良好；新移民之國中生的自我概念總平均值（3.65）高於理論中點，表示新移民之國中生的自我概念為普通程度。
三、「父母教育程度」在國中生的父母管教方式上達顯著差異，其結果顯示一般生之國中生的父母親為研究所以上畢業者，其父母管教方式較為民主；而新移民之國中生的父母親為專科或大學以上畢業者，其父母管教方式較為民主。
四、「父母教育程度」在一般生之國中生的自我概念上亦達顯著差異，其結果顯示父親為研究所以上、及母親為專科或大學畢業者，其自我概念較正向。
五、新移民與一般生之國中生的「父母管教方式」有顯著差異，表示一般生之國中生的父母管教方式較為民主；而新移民與一般生之國中生的「自我概念」則無顯著差異。
六、一般生之國中生的「父母管教方式」與「自我概念」呈中程度的顯著正相關，新移民之國中生的「父母管教方式」與「自我概念」則呈低程度的顯著正相關。
七、一般生之國中生的父母管教方式對自我概念有10％的解釋力，而新移民之國中男生、母親原國籍為東南亞籍相較於中華民國籍及父母管教方式對自我概念有19％的解釋力。
最後建議新移民之國中生能從由活動中認識自己、肯定自己並學
習訂定適切的目標，從完成目標中獲得成就感；建議一般生之國中生瞭解自己的能力，提升問題解決的能力，且學習與家人建立良好的互動關係，提升自我的認同感；建議家長能尊重子女的個別差異，且父母雙方能共同參與親職教育活動；建議學校輔導人員協助國中生認識自己，提升其自信，並積極辦理親職教育活動，提升家長的教養能力與態度；以及對未來研究時在研究對象、研究變項及研究方法等提出建議，作為未來學術研究上的參考。
關鍵字：新移民、國中生、父母管教方式、自我概念
Abstract
As marriage of our nationals to foreigners becomes common, there are more and more new immigrant families whose children have gradually entered junior high schools. Treatment by other important people and peers at juvenile stage will deeply influence their self-concept. The study mainly investigates situation and difference in parenting style and self-concept between new immigrant students and general junior high students through survey by purposive sampling. Public and private junior high school students in Taipei City are the subject of the study and 600 valid samples are obtained including 495 from general students and 105 from new immigrant students. The research instrument contains “basic personal information”, “Parenting Style Scale” and “Self-concept Scale”. Data is analyzed by frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-sample t test, independent t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’, Pearson product-moment correlation and enter multiple regression. The study has results as follows:
I. Overall mean of parenting style on general junior high students (3.08) is significantly higher than theoretical midpoint indicating that the parenting style tends to democracy and most are “permissive”; however, overall mean of parenting style of new immigrant parents on junior high students (2.89) is lower than theoretical midpoint showing that the parenting style inclines to non-democracy and most are “permissive”.
II. Overall mean of self-concept of general junior high students (3.66) is significantly higher than theoretical midpoint demonstrating self-concept of general junior high students is positive and fine; overall mean of self-concept of new immigrant junior high students (3.65) is higher than theoretical midpoint indicating that self-concept of new immigrant junior high students is ordinary.
III. “Educational attainment of parents” is with significant difference in parenting style on junior high students.The result shows parents of general junior high students who graduated from graduate schools have more democratic parenting style while new immigrant parents of junior high students who graduated from junior college or university have more democratic parenting style.
IV. “Educational attainment of parents” is also with significant difference in self-concept of general junior high students, the result of which shows self-concept is more positive when father graduated from graduate schools or higher education, and mother graduated from junior college or university.
V. General junior high students and new immigrant junior high students have significant difference in “parenting style” demonstrating the parenting style on general junior high students is more democratic. There is no significant variation in “self-concept” between general junior high students and new immigrant junior high students.
VI. For general junior high students, “parenting style” and “self-concept” show a moderate significant positive correlation. For new immigrant junior high students, “parenting style” and “self-concept” have a low significant positive correlation.
VII. Parenting style of general junior high students demonstrates 10% explanation on self-concept. As to male junior high students who are new immigrants, whose mothers are Southeast Asians, and parenting style show 19% explanation on self-concept.
Finally, it is suggested that junior high students understand and affirm themselves through activities as well as learn how to establish good interaction with family to increase self-identity. The study suggests that parents respect individual difference of children, and parents to attend together activity related to parent education. It is suggested school counselors help junior high students know themselves to increase self-confidence and actively hold parent education activity to enhance parents’ ability of parenting and attitude. The study also makes suggestions for further study including subject of study, study variable and study method.
Keywords: new immigrant, junior high student, parenting style,
self-concept |
