| 摘要: | 摘 要
隨著時代的變遷，近年來許多大陸配偶嫁入臺灣家庭，其子女逐漸成長進入校園學習，而其生活適應良好與否，值得了解與關切。本研究主要在探討大陸配偶子女生活適應之現況、以及個人、家庭背景變項及家庭氣氛對生活適應之解釋力。本研究採取問卷調查法之立意取樣方式，以大陸配偶子女就讀臺北市公立小學高年級學童為研究對象，取得有效樣本231份。研究工具包括「個人基本資料調查表」、「家庭氣氛量表」、「生活適應量表」。所得資料以次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、單一樣本t 檢定、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、強迫進入法多元迴歸進行分析。本研究結果如下：
一、大陸配偶子女之「家庭氣氛」總平均值(3.69)顯著高於理論中點，
表示大陸配偶子女之家庭氣氛傾向於良好。
二、大陸配偶子女「生活適應」總平均值(3.22)顯著高於理論中點，
表示大陸配偶子女生活適應良好。
三、「家庭經濟狀況」、「課業的主要輔導者」在大陸配偶子女生活
適應達顯著差異，家庭經濟狀況為小康及富裕相較於清寒，大陸
配偶子女的生活適應較良好。
四、大陸配偶子女的「家庭氣氛」與「生活適應」呈非常強烈程度的
顯著正相關。
五、母親居臺時間、「母親職業類別：中低階層類」及家庭氣氛對「個
人適應」達45％的解釋力。
六、「年級：六年級」及「父母婚姻狀況：分居離婚喪偶」及家庭氣
氛對大陸配偶子女「家庭適應」達69％的解釋力。
七、「性別：女生」及「母親年齡：41歲以上」及家庭氣氛對大陸配
偶子女「學校適應」達42％的解釋力。
八、「課業的主要輔導者：母親」及家庭氣氛對大陸配偶子女「人際
適應」達25％的解釋力。
最後，建議學童要會表達自我，學習控制自我情緒，勇敢求援，還要敞開心胸才能得到真摯友誼；家長要與子女多談心，在訂定規矩後需確實要求子女執行，而陪伴是提升家人情感的不二法門，家長要能隨著時代變遷與社會脈動改變對子女的教養方式，母親應多參與學校活動，了解孩子與同儕間的活動情形，對六年級的子女須多給予關懷，最後家庭氣氛是子女擁有良好生活適應的鑰匙，所以父母須用心經營家庭；學校要教導學生紓解負面情緒，老師應敏銳觀察且主動關懷學生，並引導學生敞開心胸接納他人，再者應視個別差異，加強親師溝通，更應積極鼓勵家長參與親職教育，且需打破刻板印象給予大陸配偶及其子女正面支持；以及對未來研究在研究對象、研究變項、研究方法等提出建議，作為未來學術研究上的參考。
Abstract
As time changes, most Chinese spouses from Mainland China adapt into Taiwanese families and their children are entering school. Their situation of adaption is worth our attention. This study aims at exploring the current adaption situation of Chinese spouses’ children, related situations, personal and family background and adjustment.
This study took the survey approach and investigated 5th-6th graders in public elementary school and got 231 effective samples. Research
Instrument include“personal information questionnaire” “family atmosphere scale” and “life adjustment scale”. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one sample t test, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe', Pearson product-moment correlation, enter multiple regression.
The average value (3.69) of Chinese spouses’ children is apparently above the midpoint, indicating that the family atmosphere of Chinese spouses’ children tends to be good.
The average value (3.22) of Chinese spouses’ children is apparently above the midpoint, indicating they adapt well.
Family economic situation and main counselor of study presents an obvious difference. Compared with children from poor families, those from better-off wealthy families adapt better.
The atmosphere and life adaption of Chinese spouses’ children indicate a very strong correlation.
Duration of Mother’s stay in Taiwan and mother’s occupation: low-middle class and family atmosphere achieves 45% of explanation.
Grade: the 6th graders and parents’ marital status: separation, divorce, being widow/widowed and family atmosphere achieves 45% of explanation in “family adaption” of Chinese spouses’ children.
Girls and mother’s age: being over 41 years old and family atmosphere achieve 42% of explanation in school adaption of Chinese spouses’ children.
Main study counselor: Mother and family atmosphere achieves 25% of explanation in interpersonal adaption of Chinese spouses’ children.
Finally, it is suggested that children have to learn to express themselves, control their emotion, ask for help and open up so that they can win sincere friendship. Parents have to communicate openly with children and after making rules, ask their children to enforce them. Companionship is the best way to enhance family bonds. Parents must change their way with the change of time and society. Mothers need to participate in school activities to understand interaction between their children and peers, and pay more attention to the 6th graders. To sum up, family atmosphere is the key to children’ good adjustment. Thus, parents must strive hard to create. School needs to teach students to express negative emotions and parents should be observant, care about students and lead students to tolerate others.
In addition, based on individual difference, parent-and-teacher communication should be strengthened and parents’ involvement should be encouraged. The stereotype on Chinese spouses and their children should be broken and support for them should be given. This study make suggestion for research subject, variable and methods for further research. |
