中文摘要
經建會推估於2025年，臺灣老年人口比率將占總人口的20%，成為超高齡社會。因此，老年人的健康問題越顯重要。本研究目的：在探討在不同運動環境下，老年人分別表現在身體活動量、自覺健康狀況及功能性體適能之差異情形。方法：研究對象採立意取樣，為居住於台北市士林區94名65歲以上老年人（女性52人，男性42人），平均年齡73.61±5.43歲，研究分為問卷訪談和功能性體適能檢測。結果：不同運動環境之老年人，其身體活動量室內運動者平均為95.28分，戶外運動者平均為100.57分，並無顯著差異；90%以上有運動習慣的老年人自覺健康狀況良好，且不同運動環境間無顯著差異存在；在身體組成、腰臀比、上下肢柔軟度及下肢肌力方面，不同運動環境間無顯著差異存在；但在30秒手臂屈舉測驗（室內vs. 戶外：25.9±8.33 vs. 21.5±5.83次）、2.44公尺椅子坐起繞物測驗（6.1±2.03 vs. 7.7±2.96 sec）及2分鐘踏步測驗（130.2±32.09 vs. 108.4±29.53次）三項，室內運動者均顯著優於戶外運動者(p<.05)。結論：不同運動環境之老年人，其身體活動量及自覺健康狀況均無顯著差異；有運動習慣之老年人90%以上自覺身體健康；室內運動之老年人其上肢肌力、敏捷/動態平衡及心肺適能均優於戶外運動者。建議未來研究可比較有無運動者在飲食方面的差異，及無運動習慣者至運動中心運動後的前後比較。
Abstract
According to the estimation of the Council for Economic Planning and Development of Taiwan, the percentage of elderly people in Taiwan will reach 20% of the total population by the year 2025. Health of the elderly people will be an important issue for the society in near future. Purpose: To investigate the difference in volume of physical activity, perceived health and functional fitness between elderly people who engaged in indoor and outdoor activities. Method: Based on a purposeful sampling, 95 elderly people (52 female, 42 male) above the age of 65 participated in the study. Results: No significant difference exists in average volume of physical activity between indoor (95.28 points) and outdoor (100.57 points) groups. Over 90% of the subjects perceived good health, with no significant difference existed between indoor and outdoor groups. No significant difference existed between indoor and outdoor groups in body composition, waist-to-hip ratio, flexibility in upper and lower extremities as well as lower body strength. Indoor group performed significantly better than outdoor group in 30-second arm curl test (indoor: 25.9 ± 8.33, outdoor: 21.5 ± 5.83 times), 8-foot up-and-go test (indoor: 6.1 ± 2.03, outdoor: 7.7 ± 2.96 sec) and 2-minute step test (indoor: 130.2 ± 32.09, outdoor: 108.4 ± 29.53). Conclusion: Elderly people who engage in regular physical activities generally perceive good health. The volume of physical activities is similar for people who engage in indoor and outdoor activities. However, elderly people engage in indoor activities revealed better upper body strength, agility/dynamic balance and cardiovascular fitness. The reason for the difference is not clear and may warrant further investigation.
