| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討基層員工之動態生活與身心健康現況、差異和相關情形。本研究於2010年6月至2010年7月採用問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，以「國際身體活動問卷自填短版」（再測信度及同時效度r分別為 .96、.86）及「身心健康狀況量表」（整體Cronbach’s α係數為.85）針對臺灣北部地區16-55歲之基層員工為研究對象，施以滾雪球抽樣法取樣，實得有效樣本516份，有效樣本回收率達93.82%。資料以卡方考驗、獨立樣本t 檢定、One-Way ANOVA和肯德爾τ等級係數進行統計分析。參與本研究的對象，男女基層員工各約佔半數（男性248人，女性268人），大部份(n = 293, 56.8%)的受試者介於26歲至35歲且為未婚的內勤人員。其中以低動態生活族群居多(n = 250, 48.4%)，並認為自己身心健康狀況普通，且此族群每日久坐時間長達7-10小時，經常感到疲倦、筋疲力竭、精神衰弱或元氣不足。經分析後發現，基層員工之動態生活，會因性別(χ2 = 12.08, p < .01)、年齡(χ2 = 14.03, p < .05)、教育程度(χ2 = 16.76, p < .01)、工作性質(χ2 = 43.34, p < .001)、婚姻狀況(χ2 = 14.67, p < .05)、有無子女(χ2 = 11.4, p < .01)之不同而有顯著差異。而基層員工之身心健康，則會因性別(t = 3.87, p < .001)、每週平均工時(F = 4.34, p < .01)、吸菸狀況(t = -2.5, p < .05)之不同而有顯著差異。本研究發現，基層員工之動態生活與身心健康，呈顯著正相關(τ = .22, p < .01)，實證研究結果顯示，若動態生活愈高者，則其身心健康狀況亦愈佳。最後研究結果歸納出：一、動態生活：若基層員工特徵為男性、年齡介於16-25歲、高中（職）以下之學歷、已婚、無子女，且工作性質為勞力工作員者，其動態生活均顯著較高；二、身心健康：若基層員工特徵為男性、每週平均工時為35-45小時，且無吸菸習慣者，其身心健康均顯著較佳。本研究建議基層員工必需維持每週5天每次30分鐘的動態生活，如：步行、慢跑、騎自行車、游泳等，以促進其身心健康，進而提升生活品質。
關鍵詞：基層員工、動態生活、身心健康、國際身體活動問卷
The study aimed to explore the current conditions of, differences and relationships between active living, physical and mental health among front-line employees. The study used a questionnaire-based survey, and the data was collected from June 2010 to July 2010. International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Format (test-retest reliability and concurrent validity were .96 and .86, respectively) and Physical and Mental Health Status Scale (Cronbach’s α = .85) were adapted in the questionnaire. The study used a snowball sampling procedure to recruit participants who were front-line employees aged between 16-55 years old in northern Taiwan. A total of 516 valid samples were collected, and the return rate for the valid samples was 93.82%. Data was analyzed by chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kendall’s tau-b correlation. The participants of the study consisted of (248) male and (268) female front-line employees. Majority of the participants (n = 293, 56.8%) were between 26 and 35 years old who were single and were office personnel. Low-level active living was mostly reported (n = 250, 48.4%), and the participants considered themselves had average physical and mental health conditions. In addition, the participants in this group also reported that their sedentary time was about 7-10 hours a day, and they often suffered from fatigue, exhaustion, neurasthenia, and/or stamina insufficiency. Based on the analysis, active living among the front-line employees was significantly differed from gender (χ2 = 12.08, p < .01), age (χ2 = 14.03, p < .05), level of education (χ2 = 16.76, p < .01), marital status (χ2 = 14.67, p < .05), whether or not they had children (χ2 = 11.4, p < .01), and job characteristics (χ2 = 43.34, p < .001). On the other hand, physical and mental health significantly differed from gender (t = 3.87, p < .001), work-hours in average per week (F = 4.34, p < .01), and their smoking behaviors (t = -2.5, p < .05). The researcher found that there was a significant positive correlation between active living, physical and mental health among front-line employees (τ = .22, p < .01); in other words, the more active living individuals had, the better the individuals’ physical and mental health was. In conclusion, the researchers found that: 1) active living was significant higher among male front-line employees who aged between 16-25, married, never had children, and were blue-collar workers; 2) physical and mental health was significant better among male front-line employees who worked 35-45 hours per week and did not smoke. Based on the results, the researcher recommended that front-line employees may be more likely to improve their physical and mental health by maintain active living 30 minutes a day, and 5 times a week, such as walking, jogging, cycling, and swimming.
Keywords: front-line employee, active living, physical and mental health, IPAQ |
