| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討身心障礙幼兒母親親職壓力、社會支持與堅毅力之間的關係。研究採用問卷調查法，以新北市愛智發展中心所服務之身心障礙幼兒母親為研究象對共計91位受訪者。研究使用「親職壓力量表」、「社會支持量表」、「堅毅力量表」及「基本資料表」為工具，調查所得資料分別以「敘述性統計」、「單因子變異數分析」、「Pearson積差相關」及「逐步多元迴歸分析」等統計方法進行分析討論，研究結果摘要如下:
一、 身心障礙幼兒母親親職壓力以「孩子與社會互動」的壓力最高，以「母親人際關係」的壓力為最低，整體親職壓力屬中等程度；就社會支持類型以「情緒支持」的支持最高，以「工具支持」的支持為最低，整體社會支持類型屬中等程度；而社會支持來源以「正式支持」的支持較高，「非正式支持」的支持較低，整體社會支持來源屬中等偏少的程度；就堅毅力以「正向思考」的堅毅力最高，以「坦然面對」的堅毅力最低，整體堅毅力屬中上程度。
二、 不同身心障礙幼兒母親的基本變項中在「障礙子女數」對母親親職壓力之「母親人際關係」有顯著的差異；「教育程度」對母親社會支持類型之「工具支持」、「訊息支持」及「整體社會支持類型」有顯著差異；「教育程度」對母親社會支持來源之「非正式支持」、「正式支持」及「整體社會支持來源」有顯著差異；「障礙子女數」對母親社會支持來源之「正式支持」有顯著差異；「障礙子女數」對身心障礙幼兒母親堅毅力之「正向思考」、「親職動力」及「整體堅毅力」層面有顯著差異。
三、 整體親職壓力與整體堅毅力之間呈顯著負相關；社會支持與堅毅力之間皆呈顯著正相關；親職壓力與社會支持類型之間皆呈顯著負相關；整體親職壓力與整體社會支持來源之間呈顯著負相關。
四、 「正式支持」、「情緒支持」及「母親人際關係」是身心障礙幼兒母親在整體堅毅力之最主要的預測變項。
關鍵詞：身心障礙幼兒、堅毅力、親職壓力、社會支持
The focus of this research project centers upon the correlation among the parenting stress, social support and resilience of the mothers with mentally or physically disabled children. The survey-based research aims at 91 subjects whose children are served by Aichi pediatric developmental center in New Taipei City. Situated in the contexts of assessment tables of parenting stress, social support, resilience and chart of personal information, the project employs statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression for comprehensive analysis and discussions of the information gleaned from the surveys. The research results are summarized as follows:
1. The highest parenting stress on mothers with mentally or physically disabled children is inspired by “how child interact with the others,” while the lowest is found in “personal relationship of mother,” and the whole part of parenting stress is on the middle level. In types of social support, the highest one is “emotional social support,” and “instrumental social support” is the lowest one, while all the social support is on the middle level. In resources of social support field, “formal social support” is stronger, and “informal social support” is weaker, while all the social resources are less than average. In resilience part, the highest resilience is “positive thinking,” and resilience of “face it calmly” is the lowest, while the whole parts of resilience are more than average.
2. When taking the number of disabled children account with mother’s personal relationship, there are significant differences in parenting stress. Educational degree that a mother has also has significant difference from the following types of social support, such as instrumental social support, information social support, the other social supports, and the following resources from social support, that is informal social support, formal social support, and total resource of social support. The number of disabled children has appearance difference on formal social support within resources from social support field, and on positive thinking, parenting motivation, and all the resilience part.
3. Parenting stress has a significant negative correlation with resilience; Social support has positive correlation to resilience; Parenting stress has significant negative correlation with types of social support and resources of social support.
4. The factors such as “formal social support,” “emotional social support,” and “personal relationship of mothers” are the major measure variables when considering resilience of mothers with disabled children.
Key words： mentally or physically disabled children, resilience, parenting stress, social support |
