| 摘要: | 機場鋪面所涵蓋之跑道、滑行道、停機坪及加溫坪等，因長期受天候、飛機荷重衝擊及磨損等因素之影響，難免產生破損。鋪面種類、鋪面厚度、路基強度、底層強度與厚度等等因素，都影響航機對鋪面之破壞程度，也影響破壞程度之相對關係，一旦因損壞停用即將造成機場關閉，在民航機場而言將造成旅客行程上的延誤與不便，航空業者亦將遭受重大損失，對軍用機場而言更直接影響到國防戰備。
本研究運用「有限元素法(FEM)」與「不連續變形分析法(DDA)」理論為基礎架構所撰寫之電腦程式，輸入剛性鋪面不同底層厚度及不同彈性模數，得出運算數值，分析結果，暸解底層粒料厚度與彈性模數對剛性鋪面強度之影響。
經兩種程式分析結果所得之觀測點位移值，SAP2000程式為線性關係、WIN_DDA程式分析結果為非線性關係，符合兩程式設計理論。經SAP2000程式分析，相同底層粒料厚度情況下，彈性模數與觀測點位移值成反比，表示剛性鋪面彈性模數變小，使鋪面強度變弱；相同彈性模數情況下，底層粒料厚度越大，其觀測點位移值變大，表示當剛性鋪面受承載力時，底層粒料厚度與變形量成正比；WIN_DDA程式分析，相同彈性模數情況下，摩擦角15及°30°，底層粒料厚度越大，其觀測點垂直變形量變大。
本研究共分為五章十七節，茲摘述如下：
第一章 緒論，主要確立研究動機與目的，界定研究範圍、內容，擬定研究步驟、方法及流程。
第二章 文獻回顧，彙整機場設計規範、鋪面類型、鋪面損壞與原因探討，有限元素法與不連續變形分析法理論等相關文獻。
第三章 剛性鋪面分析模組建立，建立分析模擬使用之剛性鋪面模型，依底層粒料厚度不同、彈性模數不同及利用WIN_DDA程式設定摩擦角角度不同為變相，作為分析評估剛性鋪面強度影響之基本模型。
第四章 剛性鋪面模型分析結果，將兩程式分析所得之結果，建立圖表分析。
第五章 結論與建議，依分析所得作為結論，並提出相關建議。
關鍵字：有限元素法、不連續分析法、剛性鋪面、彈性模數、粒料厚度、摩擦角
Abstract
Damage to pavements at airports, including those of the runway, taxi way, parking apron, and warm-up apron, is inevitable under the impacts of and wear by different weather conditions and aircraft weights. The type of pavement, thickness of pavement, subgrade strength, subbase strength and thickness, among other factors, will all affect the degree of damage aircrafts do to the pavement and the relative relationship in the degree of damage. Once it is damaged, the airport will have to shut down, causing delays and inconvenience for both the airport and affected. passengers. The airline companies will also suffer huge losses. In the case of a military airport, it will directly compromise national defense readiness.
This study applied computer programs written with the “finite element method” (FEM) and “discontinuous deformation analysis” (DDA) as their underlying framework and calculated values obtained through the two analytical methods by entering different subgrade thicknesses and different moduli of elasticity of rigid pavements to explore the influence of the thickness of subgrade aggregate and modulus of elasticity on the strength of airport rigid pavements.
The measure site shifts obtained through the two different types of programs showed a linear relationship with the SAP program and non-linear relationship with the WIN-DDA program, which met the design theories for the two programs. Analysis with the SAP program showed that the modulus of elasticity was in a negative correlation with the measure site shift under the same subgrade aggregate thickness, indicating that the pavement strength weakened as a result of a smaller modulus of elasticity for the rigid pavement, and that the measure site shift enlarged when the subgrade aggregate thickness was larger under the same modulus of elasticity, indicating that when the rigid pavement was bearing a carrying capacity, its subgrade aggregate thickness was in a positive correlation with the variance. Analysis with the WIN-DDA program showed that the greater the subgrade aggregate thickness the greater the vertical variance at the measure site would become at a friction angle of 15° and 30° under the same modulus of elasticity.
The report on this study comprises five chapters and 17 sections. The following are brief highlights of each chapter.
Chapter 1：Introduction defines the study motives and purpose, including the scope and content of the study, and drafts study steps, methods, and procedures.
Chapter 2：Literature Review compiles related publications on airport design specifications, types of pavements, pavement damage and cause discussions, rationales for the finite element method and discontinuous deformation analysis, etc.
Chapter 3：Establishment of Rigid Pavement Analysis Model encompasses establishment of the rigid pavement model for analysis and simulation. Different subgrade aggregate thicknesses, different moduli of elasticity, and different friction angle settings with the WIN-DDA program were the variants in the basic model to analyze and assess the influence on the strength of rigid pavements.
Chapter 4：Analysis Results of Rigid Pavement Model deals with results obtained through analyses with the two programs and establishment of analytical graphics.
Chapter 5：Conclusions and Suggestions include conclusions obtained through the analyses and related suggestions that are produced.
Keyword：FEM, DDA, rigid pavement, modulus of elasticity, aggregate thickness, friction angle |
