| 摘要: | 早期無論是在歐美先進國家亦或是在我國，人們對歧視的體認與了解多著重在與生俱來的種族、性別、膚色等或是因事故而成為身心障礙者等不可改變的特質。然而在這個父權體制下與異性戀霸權中，往往因為本身的性傾向而在社會上背負著污名以及面臨許多就業上的挑戰。
而我國在制定法令規章與制度之方向常以美國為重要指標，而美國自1964年民權法第七章(Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)時，便已將性別(sex)列入禁止歧視的項目之一，但立法之目的並非基於對性別平權之保障，另一方面也引發嗣後對於性傾向之保障是否可視為性別而適用於民權法第七章引起廣泛的爭論。而在就業上的平等保障方面也特別設置了平等就業機會委員會(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,EEOC)，提供受到就業歧視與性騷擾的勞動者能有申訴的管道。而歐盟對性傾向立法之保障也制定許多條約與框架指令，藉由提供這類保障使各國能消彌一切在就業上之性傾向歧視，而將國際組織所不斷倡議的人權保障更完全發揮。
本研究主要藉由歧視的各重理論與面向探討就業上性傾向歧視之法制與我國性平法之現況，而目前台灣社會在走向多元化的同時，對於人權的體認也更為普遍，在立法增加性傾向的同時，也要檢視該法中對於同性傾向勞工的適用問題，不僅是多數人對法律的認知的不足，立法者也應該要考量到目前體制下的現況，使同志們在就業上也能享有基本權利的保障。
In Europe, the US and Taiwan, people see discrimination and understanding of the inherent emphasis being given to race, sex, color, etc. or due to accidents and the inborn characteristics. However, under patriarchy and the heterosexual hegemony, the sexual orientated in society, might be the burdened to the stigma and face many challenges in employment.
In our country, the development of the laws and regulations follows the main direction of the United States laws as an important indicator. Since the U.S. had in early 1964 under Chapter VII of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964), the sex items was one of the prohibition of discrimination, yet the purpose of legislation is not based on the guarantee of gender equality. On the other hand, it leads to the protection of whether sexual orientation can be regarded as sex for Chapter VII Civil Rights Act of widespread controversy. Equally in employment protection is particularly set up the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC), providing channels to appeal the employment discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace. EU legislation on the protection of sexual orientation has also developed many treaties and framework directives. By providing such protections, it prevents the EU countries from all the sexual orientation in employment discrimination. Meanwhile, it fully elaborates the human rights brought up by the international organizations.
The study explains the sexual orientation discrimination in employment of the rule in law and the status in Taiwan. The diversity of Taiwan society, while the realization of human rights becomes more popular, sexual orientation discrimination in employment situation has been improved. It has even less threatened in some industries. The ignorant of the relevant laws are the most important fact in the given situation. Therefore, the promotion of the importance to this should be further strengthened, in order to obtain the basic employment rights. |
